William Shakespeare s King Lear - 1480 Words

Introduction William Shakespeare wrote the play of â€Å"King Lear† in 1986. This is a typical play of human coarseness and vengeance. The play challenges the audience through the contradiction of the goodness and primordial evil of a man. Many characters in this play demonstrate the tendencies of virtuous or vicious throughout the play. There are many themes in the play, but the most prevailing relates to the subject of justice. Shakespeare demonstrates this thematic deception of themes through instances of legal, divine, poetic justice and ultimately an erroneous sense of justice. Poetic justice is a literally device, which attempts to define the suitable retribution to vice or virtue of a character. The poetic justice is portrayed in the†¦show more content†¦This is seen in act one, scene one, where he asks, â€Å"which of you doth love us most† (Shakespeare I.1). The audience can conclude that Lear is merely blind to the reality. He loves Cordelia more than the other da ughters. He also values Goneril and Regan due to their submissiveness over genuine sense of devoted duty of Cordelia. Lear makes a mistake of letting his daughters rule the kingdom. He makes this mistake and fails to learn from it. He does not recover from saneness to emerge as a better ruler. However, his values change over time in the play. Lear realizes his weakness and triviality in relation to the remarkable force of the natural sphere. He eventually becomes a meek and a caring person. Gloucester Gloucester is a patrician devoted to King Lear. However, one thing that the audience learns about him is his adulterous behaviour. He fathered a bastard lad known as Edmond. The fate of Gloucester is similar to that of King Lear. This is because Gloucester miscalculates which of his kids to trust. Gloucester appears weak and incompetent at the beginning of the acts. This is when he fails to prevent King Lear from being turned out of his homestead. However, Gloucester proves that he is also adept of being a great heroism in the later acts within the play. Edgar Edgar is the older and legitimate son of Gloucester. He plays a number of significant roles in the play of King Lear. He begins as an

The Dimension of Inter-Professional Practice Free Essays

Introduction This aim of this assignment is to analyse the unique role and contribution of nursing practices within inter-professional jobs and consider how inter-professional practices influence the way we manage the people in our care, using evidence based commentary. Mental illnesses are complex conditions and therefore cannot be managed by one professional. Holistic treatment of mental health patients requires a cohort of clinical professionals (Barker, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on The Dimension of Inter-Professional Practice or any similar topic only for you Order Now For this assignment I chose Gibbs Reflective framework (1988) to enable my personal reflection and to improve my future nursing practice. In accordance with the NMC Code of Practice (2008) names have been changed to comply with confidentiality regulations; Grace will be my client’s name. Inter-Professional Team Working Pollard (2005), defined inter-professional working, as the process whereby members of different professions and/or agencies work together to provide integrated health and social care. Leathard (2003) states inter-professional working implies a group of professionals from different professions engaging in interdependent collaborations with mutual respect to provide integrated health and social care for the client’s benefit., Housley (2003) argues the multidisciplinary team is a group of people of different professions who meet regularly to discuss individual clients. Successful teamwork can have direct consequences for patient care and the inter-collaboration model of healthcare delivery is one of the most important modernisations of the healthcare system in recent years (Humphris and Hean, 2004). Effective team-working produces positive patient outcomes, while ineffectual team-working contributes to negative incidents in patient care (Grumbach and Bodenheimer, 2004). Client background Grace, a 21 year old female, was formally admitted via community mental health nurse due to non-concordance of medication. Grace suffers severe mental illness and personality disorder with a high level of self-harming, poor personal hygiene and inability to perform activities of daily living ADL’s. The Roper, Logan and Tierney model (Bellman 1996) states that 12 ADL’s produce a picture of the person’s lifestyle and these can be used to highlight problems which require nursing intervention. Inter-disciplinary team working and my role in Grace’s care The multidisciplinary review meeting for Grace’s care comprised a consultant psychiatrist,; a psychologist who assessed Grace’s behaviours and gave counselling sessions; social workers who assessed social wellbeing; an occupational therapist who assessed ADL; a dietician and the care-coordinator who was the key-worker involved in Grace’s care when she was in the community. The registered mental health nurse assigned to Grace was my mentor, and I was given the task of shadowing my mentor to assess Grace’s mental state on the ward and monitor any physical changes. The inter-professional team at the review placed Grace on level 3 observation due to her self-harming. Feelings I felt challenged and nervous about shadowing and handling the nursing report during the multidisciplinary team review. However, I realised this is a key role of the nursing professional in an inter-professional team, Davies Priestly (2006) views nursing handover as vital information about clients under the care of nurses, allowing nurses to improve both the handover process and improve patient care delivery. I felt empathy for Grace, especially her anxiety over the (in her eyes) large number of people (the care team) caring for and deciding her ‘fate’. She shared in her one-to-one sessions that she was nervous of not doing the right things in front of the team and I remember thinking ‘we are both nervous for similar reasons’,, as I was also nervous about what the team thought about me and my practice. I reassured Grace that we were here to help her, using my communication skills to listen and ally her fears. Hamilton et al. (2010) stated listening is an essential skill for a mental health nurse. I felt frustrated within the team, feeling that some members worked toward their own goals rather than collectively aiming to ensure the best holistic care for Grace, which made working within the team challenging. An example of this was the doctor’s decision to exclude Grace from participating in ward activities without assessment from the occupational therapist. This is at odds with the traditional nursing role, which seeks to include the patient both physically and psychologically. I felt that this decision was not in Grace’s best interest, and could prolong her discharge. Evaluation In evaluating my empathy with Grace and her anxiety, I felt there was an understandable connection as we were both in new situations, while too much empathy can lead to difficulties in nursing (Mercer and Reynolds 2002), empathy is an important aspect in nursing. Whitehead (2000) states that one angle of team work that is often neglected is the ‘relationship’ between client and nurse, which she argues is important to ensure positive care outcomes and therefore should not be disregarded within a collaborative framework. After talking to my peers I found that we all felt some anxiety about working within a multi-disciplinary team. In evaluating my time as an inter-disciplinary team member and my anxiety, I realised this eased when roles were defined and responsibilities shared. Ovretveit et al. (1997) asserted that understanding and clarification of roles from the onset is necessary for good team-working and failure to define roles correctly can lead to confusion. My frustrations within the team were in part due to my anxiety of performing poorly in front of my mentor, and my inexperience of working within an interdisciplinary-team. I had little understanding of how the different roles and philosophies of other professionals would need to be compromised to ensure both safety of and good care for Grace and perhaps I placed too much importance on the nursing role without understanding what other professionals brought to the team. Analysis While my empathy can be a positive aspect to my nursing, on reflection, it may have clouded my judgement and my ability to follow the right course of action, given that Grace was known to self-harm. The decisions made by the doctor complied with Local Trust Policy (2010) on self-harming. Furthermore, NICE guidelines (2004) states that staff develop preventative strategies to ensure patient safety in cases of self-harming, by reducing opportunities to self-harm. The inter-disciplinary team decided Grace should not be allowed to participate in ward activities due to risk of self-harm. Through analysis of the team-work shown within this case, I believe that the team showed effective communication, as each professional had a good knowledge of the role they were expected to play in supporting Grace’s care and effective communication is vital in team-working (Ovretveit et al. 1997). My frustrations within the team can be explained by Whitehead (2001) who identified that collaboration work, while beneficial, did have a variety of barriers that could hinder development of close collaborative relationships within the different service provider’s professions, one being that the different professions may have different ideas on patient treatments that are at odds with other professionals within the multi-disciplinary team. While at first I did not understand the challenges that inter-professional working brings and thus did not feel that every member had Grace’s care foremost, after analysing my time within the team, I feel that every member was supportive of each other’s efforts to facilitate Grace’s recovery. Many opportunities were available to discuss concerns over the care-plan such as debriefing, one to one interactions, and supervision, highlighted by Freeth (2007) as vital to ensure good inter-professional development. Barriers to good inter-professional collaborations include poor communication, lack of understanding of other team members’ roles, work priorities and professional hierarchy (Whitehead, 2000), where such issues are apparent, it can be helpful to identify shared goals and voice concerns. Inter-professionals should use clinical judgment that encompasses the best of all team members’ professions in care provision to improve client wellbeing, aid th em to cope with health problems and achieve the best quality of life with their illness (RCN 2003; DoH, 2008). Conclusion In retrospect, I feel the strength of the team was its ability to develop and manage excellent patient-focussed care, resulting from the variety of disciplines, personalities and expertises. I have gained an in-depth insight into the roles and responsibilities nurses have in the development of client-centred care and a better understanding for the other team members professions, which I feel now that I was lacking. This reflective process has helped me gain an understanding of the importance of inter-professional team collaboration in managing clients with self-harm issues using positive practice guidance as stated in the NHS guidelines. Action plan This experience has taught me that inter-professional practices involve effective communication between team members and respect for other professional’s knowledge of client needs. I will seek to gain greater understanding of other clinical roles and what they represent and bring to the inter-disciplinary team. I will undertake personal development and learning by keeping up-to-date with changes in practice, embracing and promoting interpersonal working. This reflective commentary has enhanced my knowledge of inter-professional working, the challenges involved and the importance of communication and compromise, which will contribute to my personal development as a mental health nurse. In respect to my patient centred empathy, I believe this is an important trait in nursing; however, in the future I will temper my empathy with professionalism that focuses on patient safety first. I plan to improve my knowledge and expertise of the roles of other professionals. I will begin by focussing on the respect and value I have of other professionals’ expertise. With respect to my lack of confidence, I shall endeavour to develop confidence in sharing my knowledge in group forums. The placement amplified the importance of identifying and understanding patients’ needs and sharing this understanding with the inter-professional team members in order to facilitate effective healthcare interventions. References Barker. P., (2009). Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing: The Craft of Caring. 2nd ed. London. Hodder Arnold. Bellman, LM. (1996) Changing nursing practice through reflection on the Roper, Logan and Tierney model: the enhancement approach to action research. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 24(1): 129–138. Davies S., Priestley MJ., (2006). A reflective evaluation of patient handover practices. Nurs Stand. 20(21):49-52. Day, J., (2006). Interprofessional working an essential guide for health and social care professionals. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes. Freeth, D., (2007). International learning Association for the Study of Medical Education: Edinburgh. Gibbs, G., (1998). Learning by Doing: A Guide to Teaching and Learning Methods. Oxford: Further Education Unit, Oxford Brookes University. Grumbach K, Bodenheimer T. (2004) Can health care teams improve primary care practiceJAMA. Mar 10;291(10):1246-51. Hamilton S., (2010). Rethink, Research and Innovation Teams Report for Nursing and Midwifery Council on nursing skills for working with people with a mental health diagnosis, London Housley, W., (2003). Interaction in Multidisciplinary Teams. Ashgate Publishing Limited: England. Humphris D, Hean S. (2004) Educating the future workforce: building the evidence about interprofessional learning. J Health Serv Res Policy. Jan;9 Suppl 1:24-7. Kozier, B., Erb G., Berman A., Snyder S., Lake R., Harvey S. (2008). Fundamentals of nursing: concept, process and practice. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Leathard, A., (2003). Inter-professional Collaboration: from policy to practice in health and social care. Philadelphia: Brunner – Routledge. Local Trust Policy (2010b). Assessment and Management of Service Users Who Self-Harm Policy, Local Trust Mercer, SW and Reynolds, WJ (2002) Empathy and quality of care. Br J Gen Pract. 52(Suppl): S9–12. NHS Choice (2011) NICE (2004), Self-Harm, Clinical Guidelines 16, cited from:http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG16FullGuideline.pdf (Accessed 11/11 2012) NMC (2008), Code of Conduct, Nursing and Midwifery Council, London Ovretveit, J., Mathias, F., Thomoson, T. eds., (1997). Interprofessional working for health and social care. Hampshire: Macmillan Press Limited. Pollard, K., (2005). Interprofessional Working: an Essential Guide for Health and Social-Care Professionals; England, Nelson Thrones Limited. Roper, Logan and Tierney (1996), Whithead (2000) Education, behavioural change and social psychology: Nursing’s contribution to health promotion. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 34(6), 822-832 Whitehead D, (2001) Applying collaborative practice to health promotion. Nursing Standards. 15(20):33-7. Bibliography General Social Care Council, (2006). Code of Practice For Social Workers and Employers. London: GSCC. Golightley, M., (2008). Social Work and Mental Health People. Learning Matters. Barker. P., (2009). Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing: The Craft of Caring. 2nd ed. London. Hodder Arnold. Taylor. C., Lillis. C., Lemone. P., (2001). Fundamentals of Nursing: The art and Science of Nursing Care, 4th edn, Lippincott, Philadelphia. Thompson I., Melia K., Boyd K., (2000). Nursing Ethics, London, Churchill Livingstone How to cite The Dimension of Inter-Professional Practice, Essay examples

Cango free essay sample

Over the last two months Be Bold has observed the operations of CanGo’s managers and employees. Through our observations we have found a number of issues and have several recommendations. Be Bold suggests that CanGo can better understand their company by learning how to make better decisions for the future of the company. One major recommendation is for CanGo to define itself by developing a mission and vision statement. By creating a vision and mission statement CanGo will have a better understanding of the future. Mission and vision statements can help narrow their focus and only choose the path that best fits that of CanGo. Currently, CanGo has just made decisions without really understanding how it could or would affect the company. If CanGo follows our recommendations and constructs a mission/vision statement it could improve their company standing, by drawing in possible employees with the same values or investors that believe in what CanGo stands for. We will write a custom essay sample on Cango or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As CanGo knows, Be Bold was brought in to analysis the operations and policies of CanGo. Be Bold has done this by looking at some important factors and has enlisted specific individuals to perform these analysis. Oksana Harbar is going to provide a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) Analysis, Alheri Gajere will present the Market Analysis, Binish Maroof will provide the Competitive Analysis, Sherry Youngs will inform CanGo on Financial Analysis issues, and Hope will bring forth some Strategic Recommendations. Each of these members of CanGo was picked specifically due to their background in these fields. SWOT is an acronym that stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The SWOT analysis will help CanGo understand the opportunities that are available and what threats may affect its operations. Before moving forward CanGo needs to assess the position they currently have in the market place. The use of a SWOT analysis technique will be beneficial at this point and will serve as the baseline to elaborate on a strategic plan for the organization. Be Bold has been observing CanGo’s operations for a couple of months, and have developed the following preliminary SWOT Analysis from these observations: Strength * Purchase an automated storage and retrieval system (ASRS) to help improve the warehouse. An automated storage and retrieval system (ASRS) is a great solution for CanGo’s inventory handling. * CanGo has experienced exponential growth in their first two years of operation. CanGo has been recognized as one of the fastest growing small business in the Hudson Valley. Constant interest in research and improving company. As we can see that CanGo is always looking for something new, they are always trying to beat their competitors, they are constantly trying to improve company, and find another way to be successful and gain profit. Weaknesses * CanGo, Inc. has no vision or mission statement. Growth opportunities are imminent and the possibility to go public requires a clear vision and mission statement in order to u nderstand their direction on the market * CanGo is lacking in management by objectives (MBO). The aim of MBO is to increase organizational performance by aligning goal and subordinate objectives throughout the organization. * CanGo is missing a strategic management plan. A strategic approach will help CanGo build teamwork by developing commitment and trust; will strengthen the leadership team by aligning their goals with those of the CEO; and will move the organization from the current status quo to an organized environment with clear goal setting for the short and long term. o develop and maintain a viable fit between their objectives, resources, and opportunities * Need for systems analysis and programmer. The marketing department must focus and apply their expertise and support in the areas of market intelligence and strategic business planning. Opportunities * Developing an in-house database that is incorporates into an automated storage and retrieval system ASRS. An automated storage and retrieval system (ASRS) is a great resolution for CanGo’s inventory usage. * Opportunities also exist in the Asia Pacific region for online sales. Company has to keep an eye on the future opportunities and possible consumers. The region could be their next step ahead to become a continental corporation. * Updating the website to incorporate some of the marketing ideas found to be relevant in the recent research analysis project. Threats * CanGo needs to expand its operating capacity to continue its’ growth. If they stay the same there won’t be growth, so in order to become more profitable, beneficial, and successful company they need to increase their productivity. Management must develop a strategic management plan. The purpose of the strategic marketing plan is to fit between the organization’s objectives and resources and its changing market opportunities so it is beneficial for the company. * CanGo could potentially have employee retention problems. It is the responsibility of the CEO to ensure equal opportunity for all employees, adequate compensation packages, fair performance evaluation processes and career development programs for employees. * Lack of capital for necessary growth needs. Lack of money and cost of ASRS system. Company needs to have funds to change or improve warehouse. When expanding into a new market CanGo needs to understand and take into account trends that are in the industry and account for them when doing any sort of planning. Market analysis is a detailed overview of the industry and the market business one is intending to enter. Conducting an effective market research will help determine if there is a need or interest to actively implementing the launch of a new venture. Knowing the markets needs and how it is currently serviced provides you with key information that is essential in developing your product/service and marketing plan. The online gaming market is worth more than $15 billion with a total of 40 million users. In 2007, there were a total of 217 million online gamers worldwide. Surprisingly, online gaming is somewhat equally divided between genders, at 58% male players and 42% female players (Grabstats, 2008). With progresses in technology and internet, online gaming is becoming more popular across all boards. Extensive data, research report and statistics may be needed to support findings and conclusions. One recommendation is to construct customer surveys which will give information pertaining to CanGo’s current customer base to figure out who is making purchases. From what we understand CanGo only conducts surveys based on purchases. By adding a few questions, such as age group, sex and area of the world, they would be able to find what people are making purchases. (Appendix A). It is important to understand what best suits both the company and the customers. Consumer demographics are used to identify consumer markets and involve the study of characteristics of a human populations and population segments and how these change over time. Such variables to consider are how the population is changing based on individual factors such as gender, age, income, level of education, family situation (single, married, divorced), ethnicity, occupation, and social class. According to Grabstats, the demographics and average income of online gamers are console owners and casual gamers from middle income households ($35,000-$75,000) aged 25-44 (2008). CanGo should also evaluate personal variables, such as, analyzing consumer behavior based on both demographic and non-demographic (customer behavior, attitudes, lifestyles) factors which can be used for grouping customers into specific market segments from which a marketer then selects its target markets. By paying close attention to these trends CanGo can prepare their long-term marketing approach to be ready when the shift becomes more apparent. Based on statistics, the highest ranking genres of games played online were card, puzzle, arcade and word games (44%), family-oriented games (25%) and RPG/MMOGs (19%). Casual, family oriented and gambling games (17%) were generally favored by PC online gamers while console/portable online gamers were more inclined to prefer non-casual game genres such as shooting and racing games. Consumers that use PC/Mac spend an average of 5. 8 hours a week on online gaming (Grabstats, 2008). Since CanGo is a company targeting the youth market they must be aware of the shift in trends and economic conditions. They need to implement a design to entice customers to spend their money on their products. Economic analysis can help them define production, distribution and consumers goods and services. CanGo must also analyze the governmental environment within the demographics. This will allow CanGo to look into unfair competition, restraint of trade, environmental, discrimination, online registration, privacy, product safety, labeling, intellectual property, warranties, deceptive and misleading claims, advertising to children, telemarketing, email spam, tying contracts, exclusive dealerships, transportation safety, price discrimination, rapacious pricing, consumer credit purchasing. Based on Be Bold’s Competitive Analysis we feel that CanGo may benefit from extending the online gaming website to include these services. Certain content functionality appears to be standard in this industry and CanGo should include Free Games/Online store/Chat rooms/Prizes and Club membership on their website. Competitive analysis focused on three main online gaming competitors who are Sony play station 3, Microsoft Xbox live and Apple Nintendo Wii. The existence of these competitors indicates that there is certainly a market for online gaming. This Competitive Analysis was conducted to help in the development of CanGo. It is an important part of the planning process and it was done to help management understand their competitive advantages/disadvantages related to competitors and to generate understanding of competitors’ past, present and future strategies. Furthermore to provide an informed basis to develop strategies to achieve competitive advantage in the future and to help forecast the returns that may be made from future investments. As CanGo moves forward into expansion and new markets Be Bold Consulting feels that it is imperative for an understanding of financial ratios as it has an impact on the future of this company. Financial ratios can help to understand what CanGo is doing well and what may need to be worked on. To explain this we are going to use a chart containing some financial ratios of CanGo and that of a few of their competitors. In the following chart CanGo can see how this comparison is made. Table 1: Financial Comparision There are a few types of ratios used for this table that will help CanGo determine the financial health of the company, along with areas that can be improved on. Efficiency ratios, such as inventory turnover is used to determine how well your managers are managing your inventory. This is important to a company because too much inventory could be due to over ordering or having inventory that will not sell. A higher inventory turnover is a good thing but too high could me that your customers are waiting due to back orders due to depleted stock. If CanGo compares the information of this ratio between itself and the three other companies it is noticeable that CanGo’s inventory turnover is very low. Compared to Barnes and Noble and Amazon, CanGo has to see that these companies are controlling their inventory much better. This brings us to what is causing CanGo to have such a low inventory turnover, and what they can do to improve this. CanGo has a lot of capital, as in the books, just sitting on the shelves of a warehouse that are not being sold. Financial leverage ratios, such as the debt equity ratio is used to determine a company’s financial standings. If a company has a high debt equity ratio then it could be a risk to that of a company. Potential investors could look at this among other ratios to determine if CanGo is a good investment. It would be a good idea for CanGo to look at the debt that they currently have and find a way to reduce this amount. It would be beneficial for CanGo to get their debt/equity ratio below . 50. Liquidity ratios are those that show a company’s ability to liquidate the assets of the company. In the case of CanGo this would include servers, inventory and equipment, just to name a few. One such liquidity ratio would be a current ratio, shows how easily it would be to pay off short term debts. CanGo’s ratio is higher than the other companies but it is too high. Last, profitability ratios tell us a company’s ability to make a profit. A couple of these are return on assets (ROA) and return on sales (ROS). Return on assets tells us how much profit you can make on your assets. While Return on sales tells us how much net income you made from each dollar. It is important for a company to understand how this is happening and these ratios can help to determine what is and is not working. CanGo has a higher ROS than any of the companies that Be Bold has used to compare them too, which says that CanGo has less coming out of each sale giving more income. There are a number of strategic recommendations that we have for CanGo that need to be established before the company can proceed towards expansion. The first step is the mission and objectives. As Be Bold has pointed out having the mission statement is important to not only CanGo but possible future investors. Clarity of who CanGo is will help to pull in the investors with the same values and objectives as that of CanGo. Environmental scanning is also an interchangeable attribute working within the spectrum of the SWOT Analysis. Internal exponents include the strengths and weakness of CanGo. The external exponents of this analysis will complete your SWOT by showing the opportunities and threats to CanGo. With this new understanding CanGo can then make decisions about new markets or expansions by gaining a better understanding of what it is CanGo is up against. The completion of the environmental scanning process can give CanGo a clearer prospective and view of the future. Be Bold next discussed strategy formulation. Now that CanGo has a better understanding of itself and the competition it is time to develop a growth plan. CanGo should have a clear consisted plan for any project that is intended. CanGo can use this time to get investments for the new plans. With a clear plan it will be easier not only on the business but also on the possible investors. After CanGo has a good understanding of the strategy it is time for the investors to be brought in, if needed, and put the plan in place. This would include having a program, budget and procedures in place. If CanGo’s plan is working you will be able to tell from the evaluation and control process.