William Shakespeare s King Lear - 1480 Words

Introduction William Shakespeare wrote the play of â€Å"King Lear† in 1986. This is a typical play of human coarseness and vengeance. The play challenges the audience through the contradiction of the goodness and primordial evil of a man. Many characters in this play demonstrate the tendencies of virtuous or vicious throughout the play. There are many themes in the play, but the most prevailing relates to the subject of justice. Shakespeare demonstrates this thematic deception of themes through instances of legal, divine, poetic justice and ultimately an erroneous sense of justice. Poetic justice is a literally device, which attempts to define the suitable retribution to vice or virtue of a character. The poetic justice is portrayed in the†¦show more content†¦This is seen in act one, scene one, where he asks, â€Å"which of you doth love us most† (Shakespeare I.1). The audience can conclude that Lear is merely blind to the reality. He loves Cordelia more than the other da ughters. He also values Goneril and Regan due to their submissiveness over genuine sense of devoted duty of Cordelia. Lear makes a mistake of letting his daughters rule the kingdom. He makes this mistake and fails to learn from it. He does not recover from saneness to emerge as a better ruler. However, his values change over time in the play. Lear realizes his weakness and triviality in relation to the remarkable force of the natural sphere. He eventually becomes a meek and a caring person. Gloucester Gloucester is a patrician devoted to King Lear. However, one thing that the audience learns about him is his adulterous behaviour. He fathered a bastard lad known as Edmond. The fate of Gloucester is similar to that of King Lear. This is because Gloucester miscalculates which of his kids to trust. Gloucester appears weak and incompetent at the beginning of the acts. This is when he fails to prevent King Lear from being turned out of his homestead. However, Gloucester proves that he is also adept of being a great heroism in the later acts within the play. Edgar Edgar is the older and legitimate son of Gloucester. He plays a number of significant roles in the play of King Lear. He begins as an

The Dimension of Inter-Professional Practice Free Essays

Introduction This aim of this assignment is to analyse the unique role and contribution of nursing practices within inter-professional jobs and consider how inter-professional practices influence the way we manage the people in our care, using evidence based commentary. Mental illnesses are complex conditions and therefore cannot be managed by one professional. Holistic treatment of mental health patients requires a cohort of clinical professionals (Barker, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on The Dimension of Inter-Professional Practice or any similar topic only for you Order Now For this assignment I chose Gibbs Reflective framework (1988) to enable my personal reflection and to improve my future nursing practice. In accordance with the NMC Code of Practice (2008) names have been changed to comply with confidentiality regulations; Grace will be my client’s name. Inter-Professional Team Working Pollard (2005), defined inter-professional working, as the process whereby members of different professions and/or agencies work together to provide integrated health and social care. Leathard (2003) states inter-professional working implies a group of professionals from different professions engaging in interdependent collaborations with mutual respect to provide integrated health and social care for the client’s benefit., Housley (2003) argues the multidisciplinary team is a group of people of different professions who meet regularly to discuss individual clients. Successful teamwork can have direct consequences for patient care and the inter-collaboration model of healthcare delivery is one of the most important modernisations of the healthcare system in recent years (Humphris and Hean, 2004). Effective team-working produces positive patient outcomes, while ineffectual team-working contributes to negative incidents in patient care (Grumbach and Bodenheimer, 2004). Client background Grace, a 21 year old female, was formally admitted via community mental health nurse due to non-concordance of medication. Grace suffers severe mental illness and personality disorder with a high level of self-harming, poor personal hygiene and inability to perform activities of daily living ADL’s. The Roper, Logan and Tierney model (Bellman 1996) states that 12 ADL’s produce a picture of the person’s lifestyle and these can be used to highlight problems which require nursing intervention. Inter-disciplinary team working and my role in Grace’s care The multidisciplinary review meeting for Grace’s care comprised a consultant psychiatrist,; a psychologist who assessed Grace’s behaviours and gave counselling sessions; social workers who assessed social wellbeing; an occupational therapist who assessed ADL; a dietician and the care-coordinator who was the key-worker involved in Grace’s care when she was in the community. The registered mental health nurse assigned to Grace was my mentor, and I was given the task of shadowing my mentor to assess Grace’s mental state on the ward and monitor any physical changes. The inter-professional team at the review placed Grace on level 3 observation due to her self-harming. Feelings I felt challenged and nervous about shadowing and handling the nursing report during the multidisciplinary team review. However, I realised this is a key role of the nursing professional in an inter-professional team, Davies Priestly (2006) views nursing handover as vital information about clients under the care of nurses, allowing nurses to improve both the handover process and improve patient care delivery. I felt empathy for Grace, especially her anxiety over the (in her eyes) large number of people (the care team) caring for and deciding her ‘fate’. She shared in her one-to-one sessions that she was nervous of not doing the right things in front of the team and I remember thinking ‘we are both nervous for similar reasons’,, as I was also nervous about what the team thought about me and my practice. I reassured Grace that we were here to help her, using my communication skills to listen and ally her fears. Hamilton et al. (2010) stated listening is an essential skill for a mental health nurse. I felt frustrated within the team, feeling that some members worked toward their own goals rather than collectively aiming to ensure the best holistic care for Grace, which made working within the team challenging. An example of this was the doctor’s decision to exclude Grace from participating in ward activities without assessment from the occupational therapist. This is at odds with the traditional nursing role, which seeks to include the patient both physically and psychologically. I felt that this decision was not in Grace’s best interest, and could prolong her discharge. Evaluation In evaluating my empathy with Grace and her anxiety, I felt there was an understandable connection as we were both in new situations, while too much empathy can lead to difficulties in nursing (Mercer and Reynolds 2002), empathy is an important aspect in nursing. Whitehead (2000) states that one angle of team work that is often neglected is the ‘relationship’ between client and nurse, which she argues is important to ensure positive care outcomes and therefore should not be disregarded within a collaborative framework. After talking to my peers I found that we all felt some anxiety about working within a multi-disciplinary team. In evaluating my time as an inter-disciplinary team member and my anxiety, I realised this eased when roles were defined and responsibilities shared. Ovretveit et al. (1997) asserted that understanding and clarification of roles from the onset is necessary for good team-working and failure to define roles correctly can lead to confusion. My frustrations within the team were in part due to my anxiety of performing poorly in front of my mentor, and my inexperience of working within an interdisciplinary-team. I had little understanding of how the different roles and philosophies of other professionals would need to be compromised to ensure both safety of and good care for Grace and perhaps I placed too much importance on the nursing role without understanding what other professionals brought to the team. Analysis While my empathy can be a positive aspect to my nursing, on reflection, it may have clouded my judgement and my ability to follow the right course of action, given that Grace was known to self-harm. The decisions made by the doctor complied with Local Trust Policy (2010) on self-harming. Furthermore, NICE guidelines (2004) states that staff develop preventative strategies to ensure patient safety in cases of self-harming, by reducing opportunities to self-harm. The inter-disciplinary team decided Grace should not be allowed to participate in ward activities due to risk of self-harm. Through analysis of the team-work shown within this case, I believe that the team showed effective communication, as each professional had a good knowledge of the role they were expected to play in supporting Grace’s care and effective communication is vital in team-working (Ovretveit et al. 1997). My frustrations within the team can be explained by Whitehead (2001) who identified that collaboration work, while beneficial, did have a variety of barriers that could hinder development of close collaborative relationships within the different service provider’s professions, one being that the different professions may have different ideas on patient treatments that are at odds with other professionals within the multi-disciplinary team. While at first I did not understand the challenges that inter-professional working brings and thus did not feel that every member had Grace’s care foremost, after analysing my time within the team, I feel that every member was supportive of each other’s efforts to facilitate Grace’s recovery. Many opportunities were available to discuss concerns over the care-plan such as debriefing, one to one interactions, and supervision, highlighted by Freeth (2007) as vital to ensure good inter-professional development. Barriers to good inter-professional collaborations include poor communication, lack of understanding of other team members’ roles, work priorities and professional hierarchy (Whitehead, 2000), where such issues are apparent, it can be helpful to identify shared goals and voice concerns. Inter-professionals should use clinical judgment that encompasses the best of all team members’ professions in care provision to improve client wellbeing, aid th em to cope with health problems and achieve the best quality of life with their illness (RCN 2003; DoH, 2008). Conclusion In retrospect, I feel the strength of the team was its ability to develop and manage excellent patient-focussed care, resulting from the variety of disciplines, personalities and expertises. I have gained an in-depth insight into the roles and responsibilities nurses have in the development of client-centred care and a better understanding for the other team members professions, which I feel now that I was lacking. This reflective process has helped me gain an understanding of the importance of inter-professional team collaboration in managing clients with self-harm issues using positive practice guidance as stated in the NHS guidelines. Action plan This experience has taught me that inter-professional practices involve effective communication between team members and respect for other professional’s knowledge of client needs. I will seek to gain greater understanding of other clinical roles and what they represent and bring to the inter-disciplinary team. I will undertake personal development and learning by keeping up-to-date with changes in practice, embracing and promoting interpersonal working. This reflective commentary has enhanced my knowledge of inter-professional working, the challenges involved and the importance of communication and compromise, which will contribute to my personal development as a mental health nurse. In respect to my patient centred empathy, I believe this is an important trait in nursing; however, in the future I will temper my empathy with professionalism that focuses on patient safety first. I plan to improve my knowledge and expertise of the roles of other professionals. I will begin by focussing on the respect and value I have of other professionals’ expertise. With respect to my lack of confidence, I shall endeavour to develop confidence in sharing my knowledge in group forums. The placement amplified the importance of identifying and understanding patients’ needs and sharing this understanding with the inter-professional team members in order to facilitate effective healthcare interventions. References Barker. P., (2009). Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing: The Craft of Caring. 2nd ed. London. Hodder Arnold. Bellman, LM. (1996) Changing nursing practice through reflection on the Roper, Logan and Tierney model: the enhancement approach to action research. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 24(1): 129–138. Davies S., Priestley MJ., (2006). A reflective evaluation of patient handover practices. Nurs Stand. 20(21):49-52. Day, J., (2006). Interprofessional working an essential guide for health and social care professionals. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes. Freeth, D., (2007). International learning Association for the Study of Medical Education: Edinburgh. Gibbs, G., (1998). Learning by Doing: A Guide to Teaching and Learning Methods. Oxford: Further Education Unit, Oxford Brookes University. Grumbach K, Bodenheimer T. (2004) Can health care teams improve primary care practiceJAMA. Mar 10;291(10):1246-51. Hamilton S., (2010). Rethink, Research and Innovation Teams Report for Nursing and Midwifery Council on nursing skills for working with people with a mental health diagnosis, London Housley, W., (2003). Interaction in Multidisciplinary Teams. Ashgate Publishing Limited: England. Humphris D, Hean S. (2004) Educating the future workforce: building the evidence about interprofessional learning. J Health Serv Res Policy. Jan;9 Suppl 1:24-7. Kozier, B., Erb G., Berman A., Snyder S., Lake R., Harvey S. (2008). Fundamentals of nursing: concept, process and practice. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Leathard, A., (2003). Inter-professional Collaboration: from policy to practice in health and social care. Philadelphia: Brunner – Routledge. Local Trust Policy (2010b). Assessment and Management of Service Users Who Self-Harm Policy, Local Trust Mercer, SW and Reynolds, WJ (2002) Empathy and quality of care. Br J Gen Pract. 52(Suppl): S9–12. NHS Choice (2011) NICE (2004), Self-Harm, Clinical Guidelines 16, cited from:http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG16FullGuideline.pdf (Accessed 11/11 2012) NMC (2008), Code of Conduct, Nursing and Midwifery Council, London Ovretveit, J., Mathias, F., Thomoson, T. eds., (1997). Interprofessional working for health and social care. Hampshire: Macmillan Press Limited. Pollard, K., (2005). Interprofessional Working: an Essential Guide for Health and Social-Care Professionals; England, Nelson Thrones Limited. Roper, Logan and Tierney (1996), Whithead (2000) Education, behavioural change and social psychology: Nursing’s contribution to health promotion. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 34(6), 822-832 Whitehead D, (2001) Applying collaborative practice to health promotion. Nursing Standards. 15(20):33-7. Bibliography General Social Care Council, (2006). Code of Practice For Social Workers and Employers. London: GSCC. Golightley, M., (2008). Social Work and Mental Health People. Learning Matters. Barker. P., (2009). Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing: The Craft of Caring. 2nd ed. London. Hodder Arnold. Taylor. C., Lillis. C., Lemone. P., (2001). Fundamentals of Nursing: The art and Science of Nursing Care, 4th edn, Lippincott, Philadelphia. Thompson I., Melia K., Boyd K., (2000). Nursing Ethics, London, Churchill Livingstone How to cite The Dimension of Inter-Professional Practice, Essay examples

Cango free essay sample

Over the last two months Be Bold has observed the operations of CanGo’s managers and employees. Through our observations we have found a number of issues and have several recommendations. Be Bold suggests that CanGo can better understand their company by learning how to make better decisions for the future of the company. One major recommendation is for CanGo to define itself by developing a mission and vision statement. By creating a vision and mission statement CanGo will have a better understanding of the future. Mission and vision statements can help narrow their focus and only choose the path that best fits that of CanGo. Currently, CanGo has just made decisions without really understanding how it could or would affect the company. If CanGo follows our recommendations and constructs a mission/vision statement it could improve their company standing, by drawing in possible employees with the same values or investors that believe in what CanGo stands for. We will write a custom essay sample on Cango or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As CanGo knows, Be Bold was brought in to analysis the operations and policies of CanGo. Be Bold has done this by looking at some important factors and has enlisted specific individuals to perform these analysis. Oksana Harbar is going to provide a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) Analysis, Alheri Gajere will present the Market Analysis, Binish Maroof will provide the Competitive Analysis, Sherry Youngs will inform CanGo on Financial Analysis issues, and Hope will bring forth some Strategic Recommendations. Each of these members of CanGo was picked specifically due to their background in these fields. SWOT is an acronym that stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The SWOT analysis will help CanGo understand the opportunities that are available and what threats may affect its operations. Before moving forward CanGo needs to assess the position they currently have in the market place. The use of a SWOT analysis technique will be beneficial at this point and will serve as the baseline to elaborate on a strategic plan for the organization. Be Bold has been observing CanGo’s operations for a couple of months, and have developed the following preliminary SWOT Analysis from these observations: Strength * Purchase an automated storage and retrieval system (ASRS) to help improve the warehouse. An automated storage and retrieval system (ASRS) is a great solution for CanGo’s inventory handling. * CanGo has experienced exponential growth in their first two years of operation. CanGo has been recognized as one of the fastest growing small business in the Hudson Valley. Constant interest in research and improving company. As we can see that CanGo is always looking for something new, they are always trying to beat their competitors, they are constantly trying to improve company, and find another way to be successful and gain profit. Weaknesses * CanGo, Inc. has no vision or mission statement. Growth opportunities are imminent and the possibility to go public requires a clear vision and mission statement in order to u nderstand their direction on the market * CanGo is lacking in management by objectives (MBO). The aim of MBO is to increase organizational performance by aligning goal and subordinate objectives throughout the organization. * CanGo is missing a strategic management plan. A strategic approach will help CanGo build teamwork by developing commitment and trust; will strengthen the leadership team by aligning their goals with those of the CEO; and will move the organization from the current status quo to an organized environment with clear goal setting for the short and long term. o develop and maintain a viable fit between their objectives, resources, and opportunities * Need for systems analysis and programmer. The marketing department must focus and apply their expertise and support in the areas of market intelligence and strategic business planning. Opportunities * Developing an in-house database that is incorporates into an automated storage and retrieval system ASRS. An automated storage and retrieval system (ASRS) is a great resolution for CanGo’s inventory usage. * Opportunities also exist in the Asia Pacific region for online sales. Company has to keep an eye on the future opportunities and possible consumers. The region could be their next step ahead to become a continental corporation. * Updating the website to incorporate some of the marketing ideas found to be relevant in the recent research analysis project. Threats * CanGo needs to expand its operating capacity to continue its’ growth. If they stay the same there won’t be growth, so in order to become more profitable, beneficial, and successful company they need to increase their productivity. Management must develop a strategic management plan. The purpose of the strategic marketing plan is to fit between the organization’s objectives and resources and its changing market opportunities so it is beneficial for the company. * CanGo could potentially have employee retention problems. It is the responsibility of the CEO to ensure equal opportunity for all employees, adequate compensation packages, fair performance evaluation processes and career development programs for employees. * Lack of capital for necessary growth needs. Lack of money and cost of ASRS system. Company needs to have funds to change or improve warehouse. When expanding into a new market CanGo needs to understand and take into account trends that are in the industry and account for them when doing any sort of planning. Market analysis is a detailed overview of the industry and the market business one is intending to enter. Conducting an effective market research will help determine if there is a need or interest to actively implementing the launch of a new venture. Knowing the markets needs and how it is currently serviced provides you with key information that is essential in developing your product/service and marketing plan. The online gaming market is worth more than $15 billion with a total of 40 million users. In 2007, there were a total of 217 million online gamers worldwide. Surprisingly, online gaming is somewhat equally divided between genders, at 58% male players and 42% female players (Grabstats, 2008). With progresses in technology and internet, online gaming is becoming more popular across all boards. Extensive data, research report and statistics may be needed to support findings and conclusions. One recommendation is to construct customer surveys which will give information pertaining to CanGo’s current customer base to figure out who is making purchases. From what we understand CanGo only conducts surveys based on purchases. By adding a few questions, such as age group, sex and area of the world, they would be able to find what people are making purchases. (Appendix A). It is important to understand what best suits both the company and the customers. Consumer demographics are used to identify consumer markets and involve the study of characteristics of a human populations and population segments and how these change over time. Such variables to consider are how the population is changing based on individual factors such as gender, age, income, level of education, family situation (single, married, divorced), ethnicity, occupation, and social class. According to Grabstats, the demographics and average income of online gamers are console owners and casual gamers from middle income households ($35,000-$75,000) aged 25-44 (2008). CanGo should also evaluate personal variables, such as, analyzing consumer behavior based on both demographic and non-demographic (customer behavior, attitudes, lifestyles) factors which can be used for grouping customers into specific market segments from which a marketer then selects its target markets. By paying close attention to these trends CanGo can prepare their long-term marketing approach to be ready when the shift becomes more apparent. Based on statistics, the highest ranking genres of games played online were card, puzzle, arcade and word games (44%), family-oriented games (25%) and RPG/MMOGs (19%). Casual, family oriented and gambling games (17%) were generally favored by PC online gamers while console/portable online gamers were more inclined to prefer non-casual game genres such as shooting and racing games. Consumers that use PC/Mac spend an average of 5. 8 hours a week on online gaming (Grabstats, 2008). Since CanGo is a company targeting the youth market they must be aware of the shift in trends and economic conditions. They need to implement a design to entice customers to spend their money on their products. Economic analysis can help them define production, distribution and consumers goods and services. CanGo must also analyze the governmental environment within the demographics. This will allow CanGo to look into unfair competition, restraint of trade, environmental, discrimination, online registration, privacy, product safety, labeling, intellectual property, warranties, deceptive and misleading claims, advertising to children, telemarketing, email spam, tying contracts, exclusive dealerships, transportation safety, price discrimination, rapacious pricing, consumer credit purchasing. Based on Be Bold’s Competitive Analysis we feel that CanGo may benefit from extending the online gaming website to include these services. Certain content functionality appears to be standard in this industry and CanGo should include Free Games/Online store/Chat rooms/Prizes and Club membership on their website. Competitive analysis focused on three main online gaming competitors who are Sony play station 3, Microsoft Xbox live and Apple Nintendo Wii. The existence of these competitors indicates that there is certainly a market for online gaming. This Competitive Analysis was conducted to help in the development of CanGo. It is an important part of the planning process and it was done to help management understand their competitive advantages/disadvantages related to competitors and to generate understanding of competitors’ past, present and future strategies. Furthermore to provide an informed basis to develop strategies to achieve competitive advantage in the future and to help forecast the returns that may be made from future investments. As CanGo moves forward into expansion and new markets Be Bold Consulting feels that it is imperative for an understanding of financial ratios as it has an impact on the future of this company. Financial ratios can help to understand what CanGo is doing well and what may need to be worked on. To explain this we are going to use a chart containing some financial ratios of CanGo and that of a few of their competitors. In the following chart CanGo can see how this comparison is made. Table 1: Financial Comparision There are a few types of ratios used for this table that will help CanGo determine the financial health of the company, along with areas that can be improved on. Efficiency ratios, such as inventory turnover is used to determine how well your managers are managing your inventory. This is important to a company because too much inventory could be due to over ordering or having inventory that will not sell. A higher inventory turnover is a good thing but too high could me that your customers are waiting due to back orders due to depleted stock. If CanGo compares the information of this ratio between itself and the three other companies it is noticeable that CanGo’s inventory turnover is very low. Compared to Barnes and Noble and Amazon, CanGo has to see that these companies are controlling their inventory much better. This brings us to what is causing CanGo to have such a low inventory turnover, and what they can do to improve this. CanGo has a lot of capital, as in the books, just sitting on the shelves of a warehouse that are not being sold. Financial leverage ratios, such as the debt equity ratio is used to determine a company’s financial standings. If a company has a high debt equity ratio then it could be a risk to that of a company. Potential investors could look at this among other ratios to determine if CanGo is a good investment. It would be a good idea for CanGo to look at the debt that they currently have and find a way to reduce this amount. It would be beneficial for CanGo to get their debt/equity ratio below . 50. Liquidity ratios are those that show a company’s ability to liquidate the assets of the company. In the case of CanGo this would include servers, inventory and equipment, just to name a few. One such liquidity ratio would be a current ratio, shows how easily it would be to pay off short term debts. CanGo’s ratio is higher than the other companies but it is too high. Last, profitability ratios tell us a company’s ability to make a profit. A couple of these are return on assets (ROA) and return on sales (ROS). Return on assets tells us how much profit you can make on your assets. While Return on sales tells us how much net income you made from each dollar. It is important for a company to understand how this is happening and these ratios can help to determine what is and is not working. CanGo has a higher ROS than any of the companies that Be Bold has used to compare them too, which says that CanGo has less coming out of each sale giving more income. There are a number of strategic recommendations that we have for CanGo that need to be established before the company can proceed towards expansion. The first step is the mission and objectives. As Be Bold has pointed out having the mission statement is important to not only CanGo but possible future investors. Clarity of who CanGo is will help to pull in the investors with the same values and objectives as that of CanGo. Environmental scanning is also an interchangeable attribute working within the spectrum of the SWOT Analysis. Internal exponents include the strengths and weakness of CanGo. The external exponents of this analysis will complete your SWOT by showing the opportunities and threats to CanGo. With this new understanding CanGo can then make decisions about new markets or expansions by gaining a better understanding of what it is CanGo is up against. The completion of the environmental scanning process can give CanGo a clearer prospective and view of the future. Be Bold next discussed strategy formulation. Now that CanGo has a better understanding of itself and the competition it is time to develop a growth plan. CanGo should have a clear consisted plan for any project that is intended. CanGo can use this time to get investments for the new plans. With a clear plan it will be easier not only on the business but also on the possible investors. After CanGo has a good understanding of the strategy it is time for the investors to be brought in, if needed, and put the plan in place. This would include having a program, budget and procedures in place. If CanGo’s plan is working you will be able to tell from the evaluation and control process.

Music Through The Decades free essay sample

Radios and phonograph records were bringing jazz to locations so remote that no band could reach them. And the music itself was beginning to change. The popular dance music of the time was not jazz, but there were early forms taking shape in the evolving blues-ragtime experimental area that would soon turn into jazz. Popular Tin Pan Alley composers like Irving Berlin incorporated ragtime influence into their compositions, though they rarely used the specific musical devices that were second nature to jazz players.The 1 asss were Broadways prime years, with over 50 new musicals opening in just one season. Record numbers of people paid up to $3. 50 for a seat at a musical. It was also a decade of incredible artistic developments in the musical theatre. The Broadway shows were produced by showmen who took musical theatre seriously and tried to provide quality entertainment while making a profit at the same time. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Through The Decades or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This attitude kept the musical theatre booming right through the 1 sass.Among the hundreds of popular musical comedies that debuted on Broadway in the early sass, two classic examples of the Broadway musical of that era are Sally and No, No, Nanette. The music of the sasss wasnt sad and depressing it was jazzy and happy, and so it gave people inspiration and cheered them up during the Great Depression. The popular kind of music was still jazz. The main instruments were piano, clarinet, saxophone, and trumpet. Popular music in the 1 9405 comprised of swing, jazz and big band music early in the decade.These styles suffered in popularity due to musicians strikes in 1942 and 1948 and eventually gave way to crooners later in the decade. Sasss The 1 Isis were a time of changes and the music of the decade both reflected the cultural changes that were happening while still holding on to the societal norms of the past. Rhythm Blues (R) and Rock n Roll popularized as black music and many African-American musicians rose and enjoyed success, but while some were able to reap the benefits of their work, many others were forgotten or denied access to audiences through segregation.A lot of people believe that during the fifties many of the white artists stole music from African-Americans and capitalized on it for their own benefit in a way that the original artists could not. Others believe that the popularization of R and Rock n Roll only helped to bridge the gap between blacks and whites and further the civil rights movement. While those genres paved the way for future music, traditional pop and country music clung to the past with old standards remaining popular and a multitude of covers topping the charts.Either way, thi s decade was a time of innovation that helped to influence everything that we listen to on the radio today. 196(Yes Pop music gradually became controlled by new young vocal-groups, taking their power from a combination of the performers charisma along with the songwriting talents of the production team, who operated behind the scenes. Eventually rock artists came to be expected to write and even produce their own songs, becoming responsible for everything about how their records sounded. Us The sasss, the decade that gave us everything from All In the Family to he Brady Bunch, from the last of the hippies to the first of the preppies, from bluebottle jeans to polyester, from the Watergate scandal to the Iranian hostage crisis, and every kind of music from acid rock to funk and disco. Sasss The 1 sass was a decade of revolutionary changes on the music scene. The two major developments were the advent of MAT and the compact disc. Music became more diverse, with new wave, heavy metal, rap, techno pop, alternative rock and the new country sounds.And music became a huge marketing tool as filmmakers, TV producers and manufacturers of everything room sneakers to soft drinks used hit songs and hot performers to sell their products. Rock and Pop Many classic rock acts hit the big time during the decade as well. Bon Jove, 02, Bruce Springiness, R. E. M. , and Aerostatic all had hot strings of memorable hits in the asss. John (Cougar) Melanoma hit it big with his Midwestern style of rock. Soloists Bryan Adams, Eddie Money, Sammy Hager, Billy Joel, Tina Turner, Elton John, and Steve Nicks all added their sounds to the mix, as well.More pop-sounding acts to hit it big included J. Sells Band, Hue Lewis and the News, Men at Work, and Stray Cats. Pure Pop Certain acts of the time were pure pop music at its best (or worst, depending on the music fan). Olivia Newton Johns Physical was one of the top hits Of the decade. Jessie Girl by Rick Springfield and Shahs Take on Me were pure pop craftsmanship. Paula Abdul hit it big with such ditties as Straight Up and Cold Hearted Snake. Pop Superstars The asss saw the breakout success of many pop superstars, each of whom would leave indelible marks on the world of music.Such pop superstars borne out of the decade include Madonna, Michael Jackson, Maria Carrey, Whitney Houston, George Michael, and Prince. Each of these artists made a age impact on the music scene for the asss and beyond. Sasss Many of the most popular acts that emerged in the 1 asss were bands and artists who enjoyed a type of resurgence in the mainstream music scene after their popularity had dwindled for a decade or so. Other artists were just starting out during this decade and make a huge impact on the musical scene.Following is an explanation of some of the most memorable artists that helped to define the era in terms of musical differentiations as well as some artists who are best forgotten. The early years of the sass began with a surge in popularity for music unrest like techno and hip-hop that continued throughout the decade. The happy rock years in the mid-goes helped to pave the way for the bubblegum pop that followed in the waning years of the decade. Artists like Bribery Spears and Christina Agiler dominated the mainstream pop music scene well into the late sass and beyond. The later years of the decade also saw a new popularity for traditional boy bands. The Backstreet Boys, 98 Degrees, and Ann.s enjoyed the same amount of, if not more, popularity than older boy bands like New Kids on the Block from the late sass. The music in the sass went through a series of changes in regards to the mainstream radio airwaves. Ironically, it was nearly a full-circle of styles and tastes that resulted in recreating the mainstream sound that is strongly reminiscent of popular music in the 1 9805. Many of these bands and artists had staying power, though.Nearly a decade later, we are still being exposed to many of their antics or effects that they had on the musical front. Fortunately, several of these acts have matured in recent years and continue to produce quality music while others With less talent have fallen by the aside in recent years. Sasss Some of the years most significant noise was being made far from studios and concert stages. The controversy over music sharing program Anapest began here. The creator Shawn Fanning was only 18 when he wrote the source codes that shook the music world.His free, Internet song-swapping service was the hype of downloaded everywhere. Anapest came under heavy legal fire during this year from the five giants of the recording industry Warner Brothers, MME, Sony, BAM, and universal, who sued to shut down the service, citing alleged copyright infringement. Mine has often been described as vile, violent, insensitive, misogynistic, and offensive, but Amines ability to throw down rhymes that outraged nearly everyone helped The Marshall Matters L p rack up massive sales throughout 2000.

Free Essays on Sins And Sinners Of The Scarlet Letter

Sins and Sinners of The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter is brimming with many sins and sinners as Nathaniel Hawthorne attempts to portray throughout the story. Hawthorne’s main characters in the book have committed major wrongs doing in the eyes of the Puritans. The main characters include Hester, Chillingworth, demmesdale and pearl, who has yet to commit a sin. Also, a part of this chaos are the townspeople who’s Hippocratic verbal and physical actions influence the lives of Hester and her daughter, Pearl, in negative ways. Although the society, and many of the characters commit sins, Nathaniel Hawthorne attempts to convey the trail of thoughts that The Scarlet Letter is about Sinners; not sins. Though, the book is filled with wrong doings from hypocrisy, lying, betrayal and even adultery, the author tends to be leaning more towards telling about the sinners and their perspectives about the occurring situations, rather than focusing on just the sins they have brought upon themselves. It is evident that Hester committed adultery, and has had to deal with the consequences of her actions throughout her life and has had effect on the life of her daughter, pearl. Demmesdale, the man whom she slept with while her husband was away, makes no efforts to help her in this a situation. We later learn in the story that he has committed adultery as well because Pearl is the daughter that came from the result of his affair with Hester. Doesn’t this make him a hypocrite? Demmesdale was publicly accusing, humiliating, and torturing Hester for her sinful actions, when he had committed the same crime himself. He is just as guilty of hypocrisy as the townspeople are. Hester was publicly shamed and forced by the people of Boston to wear a badge of humiliation (the scarlet letter), and when she lavishly decorated the letter â€Å"A† which she had to wear on her bosom, they degraded her even more for supposably embracing her sins. Instead ... Free Essays on Sins And Sinners Of The Scarlet Letter Free Essays on Sins And Sinners Of The Scarlet Letter Sins and Sinners of The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter is brimming with many sins and sinners as Nathaniel Hawthorne attempts to portray throughout the story. Hawthorne’s main characters in the book have committed major wrongs doing in the eyes of the Puritans. The main characters include Hester, Chillingworth, demmesdale and pearl, who has yet to commit a sin. Also, a part of this chaos are the townspeople who’s Hippocratic verbal and physical actions influence the lives of Hester and her daughter, Pearl, in negative ways. Although the society, and many of the characters commit sins, Nathaniel Hawthorne attempts to convey the trail of thoughts that The Scarlet Letter is about Sinners; not sins. Though, the book is filled with wrong doings from hypocrisy, lying, betrayal and even adultery, the author tends to be leaning more towards telling about the sinners and their perspectives about the occurring situations, rather than focusing on just the sins they have brought upon themselves. It is evident that Hester committed adultery, and has had to deal with the consequences of her actions throughout her life and has had effect on the life of her daughter, pearl. Demmesdale, the man whom she slept with while her husband was away, makes no efforts to help her in this a situation. We later learn in the story that he has committed adultery as well because Pearl is the daughter that came from the result of his affair with Hester. Doesn’t this make him a hypocrite? Demmesdale was publicly accusing, humiliating, and torturing Hester for her sinful actions, when he had committed the same crime himself. He is just as guilty of hypocrisy as the townspeople are. Hester was publicly shamed and forced by the people of Boston to wear a badge of humiliation (the scarlet letter), and when she lavishly decorated the letter â€Å"A† which she had to wear on her bosom, they degraded her even more for supposably embracing her sins. Instead ...

The Difference Between Primary and Secondary Sources

The Difference Between Primary and Secondary Sources When it comes to finding sources for a  written assignment, it is crucial the student in higher education has the ability to differentiate between various sources and can evaluate the credibility of these sources, while understanding how  sources  can enhance their overall understanding of a subject or topic.  In most cases, a student’s research will likely lead them to both Primary and Secondary Sources. PRIMARY SOURCES Primary Sources include historical documents, literary works (poems, novels, short stories, plays, etc.), eyewitness accounts, diaries, field reports, letters and other examples of correspondence between people, like emails, and lab studies. Others examples of Primary Sources are the following:  any original research is done through interviews, experiments, and observations, as well as surveys. Primary Sources are useful because they offer subjects for firsthand study. SECONDARY SOURCES Secondary Sources include scholarly books and articles, reviews, biographies, textbooks – as well as other works that interpret and/orss Primary Sources. A Secondary Source helps a student understand and evaluate primary source material. CONSIDER THE SOURCE EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY VS. SECONDARY  SOURCES Determining if a work is considered a primary or secondary source often depends on the topic and the purpose of the writer: if a person is analyzing a poem – a Primary Source – a critic’s article interpreting the poem is a Secondary Source.  But if the student or scholar is investigating that critic’s article (the interpretation of the poem), that article could be considered a Primary Source for the student’s own study and interpretation. WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT TO KNOW? Since most student research papers will include a combination of Primary and Secondary Sources, it is very important to understand the implications of each. A familiarity with the Primary Sources of a topic will allow the student to assess the accuracy and value of a Secondary Source. For example, if a student reads Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Scarlet Letter (a Primary Source) for a better understanding of Puritan history and beliefs, that student would be better inclined to discern a fallible, valueless Secondary Source; if that student has not read the novel, though, they may have been convinced that same Secondary Source was indeed a credible one – therefore, earning them a lower grade on the assignment for using a Secondary Source that does not treat the subject matter accurately and respectfully; it would exemplify the use of an insignificant Secondary Source. In short, commentaries and interpretations about people, events, and works of art, statistics, or scientific data are Secondary Sources – ones that should be evaluated on the basis of how well they describe and interpret a Primary Source.

Assess the extent to which the cold war involved the nationas of the Essay

Assess the extent to which the cold war involved the nationas of the middle east and africa - Essay Example This is because of the suspicious relationship that developed between these two nations at the time, whereby nations split into two with some supporting the US, and the others remained in support the USSR. Thus, even within these nations, leaders acted in a divided manner with some supporting the ideologies of the USSR communism, while other countries supported the capitalistic view of the US, and this propagated the social and political division of nations.4 Cold war involvement in Africa Because of its endowment with resources, Africa was a battleground for Cold War for quite a long period that led to many wars, which both sides of the conflict, namely the United States and the Soviet Union blamed on each other. The harassment that was conducted by the Americans and the UK on Mugabe and Al-Bashir of Sudan was heaped on China and Russia with the aim of making the west to appear friendly and clean to Africa.5This has proved to be the new stage being set for fresh crop of Cold War in the African soil, as at the time USSR and US were engaged in Cold War, Africa was still involved in it, as some of the African states were surrogates of the two. Africa is a rich provider of the world’s major raw material for the production of goods for the industries in the west because a country is only able to engage in war if it has enough economic power and political influence for the purpose of protecting its interests.6 Therefore, surrogate African States provide support to one of the side in the cold war for their own interests and for their leaders selfish interest; such support normally involved the use of their state resources, which involved workforce in form of soldiers when they are required. As a result of the Cold War, Zimbabwe being a surrogate to one of the main two countries involved in Cold War, their leader Robert Mugabe murdered and violently overthrew the opposition to the side that supported the Britons, Americans and the western powers.7Moreover, beca use of the Cold War, nationalists and African leaders were frequently overthrown when they did not support the nations in such warfare. For instance, famous leaders like Kwame Nkrumah, Patrice Lumumba or Eduardo Mondlane among others were victims of claims that they were supporters of the Chinese or Russians and the East policies. In these cases, other African leaders have more often than not found themselves behind bars without the hope of ever being freed.8 In addition, the involvement of Africa in the Cold War has greatly affected the continent in terms of its human, society and economy; these impacts are still very fresh with the slow growth of the African continent attributed to the Cold War. Furthermore, African resources that involved agricultural outputs and minerals were

Teamwork in companies and corporate change Research Paper

Teamwork in companies and corporate change - Research Paper Example In short, individuals will get more freedom and flexibility in their works in organizations where team work prevails. â€Å"The main characteristic feature of the team is synergy through which team members act together and achieve better results than if they perform alone or in other organizational forms†(Petrov, 2010, p.91). While working in a team, individuals get more support from his team members and therefore his jobs stress will be considerably reduced. Reduced job stress will increases his performances and productivity. Another major advantage of team work is the â€Å"creation of a whole that is greater than the sum of its parts, because synergy pools individual talents and efforts to create extraordinary results† (Judeh, 2011, p.203). 1+1 = 2 is correct in Mathematics; but in business 1+1>2 because of the possibility of extraordinary results teamwork can generate in an organization. While working as part of a team, the members may deliver more than 100% of their efficiency. Sheng & Tinag (2010) have pointed out that â€Å"employees would have more loyalty and ties to those in groups working with them as a team because they could have immediate feedback from these people† (Sheng & Tinag, 2010, p.1297). Man is a social animal and he dislikes individual work. Nobody wants to work in a lonely atmosphere in which no communication occurs or no support received. While working in groups or teams, he gets enough opportunities for communication and therefore his capabilities will come out automatically. In this article, Bob Frisch point out some of the major drawbacks of teamwork along with the benefits of teamwork. In his opinion, even though the employees in a team will get more freedom and flexibility in their works, the chances of increased blaming of the individual employees cannot be ruled out. Team work also helps to have assertive conversations, give and receive feedback, and

Stanislavskis System Essay Example for Free

Stanislavskis System Essay All of our acts, even the simplest, which are so familiar to us in everyday life, become strained when we appear behind the footlights before a public of a thousand people. That is why it is necessary to correct ourselves and learn again how to walk, sit, or lie down. It is essential to re-educate ourselves to look and see, on the stage, to listen and to hear. Stanislavski (Konstantin Stanislavski quotes) Realistic drama was said to be born in the late 1800s, however before that, no director or actor trainer had succeeded in creating a method in order to instil believability in a character through the actor. There were some actors and actresses that used their own individual talent to achieve this, but there was not a developed system or method that one could teach or even pass on to the future generation of actors. In the midst of this thirst of authenticity, Konstantin Stanislavski actor and director extraordinaire developed his own system over a lifetime. When we are on stage, we are in the here and now Stanislavski (Konstantin Stanislavski quotes) Due to the fact that he was born into a wealthy family of merchants, Konstantin Sergeievich Alekseiv, had to begin his service to the family business, but soon realized that nothing could overpower his love for theatre. His family too shared some of his enjoyment for theatre and built him an amateur theatre in which he had his first stage appearances. His family also funded expensive vocal and stage movement lessons from Moscows best teachers. However, his love for theatre intensified to such an extent that in 1884, he was forced to adopt Konstantin Stanislavski as a stage name for his first public debut in order to hide his theatre aspirations from his family. In 1888, although he was still being forced to work in the family business, he co-founded the Moscow Society of Arts and Literature. Being the co-founder of the Moscow Art Theatre helped Stanislavski set up a basis for his own system of training actors. This unique system required actors to research the situation provided by the script according to the characters motivations, create a subtext to their script whereby they show the meaning or the imagination beneath the text their script, and bring to mind their own experiences so that they may use the emotions from their own experiences as emotions for their character in order to make their character more believable. Love art in yourself, not yourself in art. Stanislavski (Konstantin Stanislavski quotes) These requirements forced the actors to perform the actions and reactions of their character based, not only on the actors motivation, but also on the actors personal experiences. It also allowed the actor to match his motivations to that of the character in the script. After having already identified the characters motivations, the actor can recall his emotions and experiences whilst playing the character on stage in order to give a more authentic and convincing performance. His new proposed system for acting had eight questions that the actor must answer in order to build and establish the character. These included: I. Who? II. When? III. Where? IV. What? V. Why? VI. How? VII. What do I need to overcome? VIII. Before time? (Stanislavski for Beginners) These questions helped the actor recognize the characters purpose and establish the actors own movement on stage so that they may be able to project the characters purpose to the audience. Stanislavski developed a number of techniques and principles that he considered fundamental in helping the actor achieve a believable character on stage. Stanislavski felt that most actors assumed that believable acting was derived from simply being natural on stage. However, from his observations, Stanislavski concluded that realistic acting on stage was extremely difficult and can sometimes come across as artificial. Bring yourself to the part of taking hold of a role, as if it were your own life. Speak for your character in your own person. When you sense this real kinship to your part, your newly created being will become soul of your soul, flesh of your flesh. Stanislavski (Konstantin Stanislavski quotes) After having memorized my monologue I figured I knew my character quite well she was a young girl who was sad because her best friend just died. I didnt think I needed to know any more than that in order to deliver a good monologue. However, when the time came to answer the questions above for my character, I resented it and I didnt think it would help in any way. I decided that I would perform my monologue for a class mate before and after answering the questions in order to prove my point. The first thing I realized was that answering those questions was no easy feat for me, which proved how much I didnt know my character. After much use of my imagination, I finally managed to answer the questions in depth. Whilst answering the questions I found out things that never even occurred to me about my character. I felt like I was talking about a real life person who had a past, a present, and even a future. Needless to say, the real impact of what I found out about my character did not hit until I performed my monologue post-questions. I found myself really feeling and actually believing that I was that character and not just impersonating someone. After performing my monologue I honestly felt like I had given birth to an actually human being Undoubtedly, I received the most positive feedback about my monologue post-questions. Some of the principles of the Stanislavski System included: * The actor is aware that the play is fiction, but he must question himself about how he would behave if the situation was real. This helps the actor transform the play as if it were real. * The actor must question himself about his character and must understand not only what, but why he is saying what he is saying and doing what he is doing. * The actor must not get distracted by the audience and must concentrate on what is happening on stage. * The actor must learn how to rid his body of muscle tensions and relax himself so that he may call upon his actions with ease in order to reach his goal as the character. The relaxation and observation exercise was quite an experience for me because I was able to tap into emotions so deep that at times I virtually forgot that I was in Drama class. When Ms. Kennedy was declaring the emotions that we had to feel, experiences that never occurred to me popped up in my head. For instance, when Ms. Kennedy declared that we were to feel jealous, an incident that popped up in my mind was one of which I was unaware that I felt jealous at that moment! I presume that it was my mind reminding me that I was subconsciously jealous at that moment. With every emotion that Ms. Kennedy declared, I found my body subtly changing. This change occurred from the tilt of my head to the direction of my toes. What amazed me the most was that it felt as though my body was changing by itself. The changes were so subtle and gradual at first, and then when they got to be a little more intense was when I realized that I was tapping my toes or holding my breath. I presume that it is these subtle movements and actions that make acting more believable on stage. * The actor must consciously perform the small physical actions that people perform unconsciously do in real like in order to make his character look realistic. When Ms. Kennedy told us to stand up and imitate the actions of the members of my ensemble, I realized how unconsciously we perform little actions that make us who we are. For instance, I am constantly running my hand through my hair because of my fringe that comes in my eyes. I am so used to this action that I do it without being aware of what I am doing. When I did so during this exercise I was taken aback when my ensemble started imitating me and I thought to myself, Did I just do that?. I saw similar reactions from the members of my ensemble. Through these exercises I learnt that it is the little actions that make us unique. * The actor must recall his emotional experiences from his emotional memory. This will bring truth to his character. * The actor must establish good communication with his ensemble (i.e. the other actors on stage) by listening to what they are saying and by looking directly at them, unless when the script requires them not to do so. * It is vital for the actor to understand the play and perform his part with determination. He must also feel for his part to such an extent that his portrayal of the character looks nothing but authentic and convincing on stage. * In order to convince the audience, the actor must use the techniques to call upon memories that help him react to other characters in the play as well as act. This makes his character more believable. (The Stanislavski System) Some techniques of the Stanislavski System include: * Objective Words o The actor must understand the objectives of the character behind each and every line that they say. I used this method to first indentify the intentions of my character behind every line, and then match those intentions with an action. This gave every action behind every line a purpose and made it easier for me to recall my emotional memory when I needed it. * Magic If The actor must connect with the character by asking how he would behave if his characters situation was real and was actually happening to him. This helps the actor think like the character and not just impersonate him. Stanislavskis Magic If and As If has really helped me in my monologue as I have to imagine that I am speaking to a corpse of my best friend. Throughout the monologue, I really enjoy that I am forced to use my imagination and make-believe that a table is a casket and boxes are a deceased human being. Although I dont find it that hard pretending that I am speaking to my deceased friend, I really enjoy the challenge of making my audience believe and see what I am seeing. With more practice and more rehearsal of my monologue, I will be able to make my audience feel not only the pain of losing a friend, but also the pain of my own personal experience that I drew out to play this part. * As If o The actor should get in role and as himself what he would do if here was to be in his characters situation. This brings about convincing actions and reactions for the character. Before I first practiced this technique, I immediately told myself that I would imagine that I was at the funeral of my best friend. However, this will be hard to improvise because I just simply cannot imagine my best friend dying. It is unthinkable. Thus, I decided that I would bring back the memory of when I was at my uncles funeral and use those emotions in the context of my monologue. This helped my monologue significantly as it was easier to bring back emotions of things that have already happened. While I was performing my monologue, I really felt as though I was back at my uncles funeral and I was able to use the emotions I felt then to emphasize the lines of my monologue. Although my uncles funeral was some 5 years ago, this technique helped me realize that those feelings are still alive. Although this technique benefited my monologue, it also benefited my life as when I brought those emotions back I felt that I was able to deal with them better than I did those 5 years ago. * Subtext o The actor must know the emotion and meaning that lays underneath his characters lines. The actor does not speak this, but portrays this though choice of action, gestures, posture, pauses etc. Subtext generally increases the audiences involvement in the play as it acts as a secret between the audience and the character with the subtext as opposed to the other characters present on stage. o Inner Monologue * The actor must know all the thoughts that are going through the characters mind not only while he is speaking his dialogue, but also while he is listening to the other characters on stage. o Mental Images * The actor must bring together all the pictures that he sees in his mind as the character and communicate this to the other actors on stage. This method really taught me how to break down the text of a script and read in between the lines in order to fully understand my character. After I had determined what was going through my characters mind at every line in the play, * Given Circumstances o Whilst building his character, the actor must take into account all the information the playwright has given the actor through the script. This technique helped me exert all the circumstances that my playwright had given me, and with this information I was able to establish my character and her personality more. This technique also taught me how to apply the emotions that I derived from the previous techniques like As If. * Imagination o The actor must work really hard in order to use imagination to fill in the gaps of his characters life where the playwright hasnt given enough information. Imagination was my key component in any Stanislavski technique that I attempted and applied to my monologue. However, Imagination was most useful to me when I first began creating my character and her personality. I used my imagination to first answer my WHERE, WHEN, WHAT, WHY, WHENCE, BEFORE TIME questions which in turn helped me create a really descriptive and in-depth character analysis. Imagination also helped me be less mechanic and more authentic on stage. I used imagination to give life to the words on paper and give life to a real character. This process is really similar to giving birth. * Circles of Attention o Although they are in public and in front of an audience, the actor must feel as though they are alone on stage and they must throw circles of attention on their actions in order to really concentrate. The actor must be able to draw into a small circle of attention, if they need arises, even though he may be performing in front of thousands. It is difficult for the actor to take in whole spaces at once and therefore must focus on the space bit by bit. This will increase the actors attention because as one could have a small, medium or large circle of attention. As the circle grows larger and larger, your concentration it tested at its limits. Thus it is recommended for actors to withdraw to a small circle of attention if they find their attention wavering in order to rebuild into their larger circle of attention. * Perspective o Perspective requires the actor to see their role as a whole. It requires them to sustain their concentration, focus on their objectives and also watch for any problems that could possibly occur on stage. They must develop a pace for their acting as the play unfolds on stage. Funnily enough, Perspective really helped me develop my costume and what message I was wanted to portray with my costume. I was debating to either wear boyish clothes that showed off my characters tom boyishness and establish her to the audience in that manner or to wear girly clothes and emphasize my characters uncomfortable feeling. I chose to go with the second choice to really show how isolated and uncomfortable my character feels in the situation that life thrust her in. For my costume I decided on an off-white skirt with black flower embroidery, topped with a black t-shirt-like blouse and black boots. Although my character hates skirts and anything girly, I am wearing a girly outfit to show that my character is uncomfortable with not only what she is wearing, but where she is, what she is about to do and the situation as a whole. My costume consists mainly of the color black because she is attending a funeral and black is the code mourning color. I am accompanying my outfit with boots to show that my character, although caved in into wearing a skirt and blouse, refused completely to wear high heels or sandals. The boots keep some of my characters personality alive. * Tempo-Rhythm o Tempo * Actors must realize that every action that they have planned will take time and they can either chose to decelerate the tempo whereby they will be giving themselves more time to speak and perform or to accelerate the tempo which would have the opposite effect. o Rhythm * The actor must know how and what to stress while he is on stage in order to portray the message that he is trying to portray. (The Stanislavski System Growth and Methodology) These techniques and principles of the Stanislavski System helps the actor develop an interior monologue for the character, so that each action that the actor takes as the character comes across as spontaneous to the audience. In addition, Stanislavski also believed highly on the use of costumes, sets and props contributing to the realism of the character. He believed that every prop must serve a purpose, and if a prop was placed on stage, then the actor must know the history of the prop in relation to the play (where it was bought, who it was bought by and how it came to be in this particular location). Stanislavski also worked on something called The Method of Physical Actions whereby he focused on physical action encouraging truthful emotion. The main aim was to reach the subconscious mind through the conscious mind. (Method Acting) Due to the fact that the theatre held great social and educational significance for Stanislavski, he found it difficult to separate the social context that was attached to his theatre. He was known to use the stage to reflect the social issues that were occurring during the civil unrest that lead to the Russian Revolution in 1905 and the Soviet Union being established. However, even though he responded to criticism saying that he never staged contemporary Communist plays by directing several plays of revolutionary significance, he was still criticised for catering to progressive middleclass audiences. Thus he refused his company to produce plays that were undeserving of its traditions and high standards in order to maintain his integrity and dignity. Fortunately for Stanislavski, he was caught in the midst of the violence of the revolution and needed to be protected by Lenin from being eradicated alongside the Czar Dom. The communists had elected his system and made the Moscow Art Theatre the fountainhead of social realism. (Stanislavski, Konstantin) His theatre quickly began producing Soviet propaganda due to an allegiance that was being maintained between the USSR and Stanislavskis socially conscious method of production. Needless to say, Stanislavski survived both Russian Revolutions of 1905 and 1917. The Stanislavski System is known to only be as good as the person who uses it. It is not something that will immediately turn a bad actor into a good one, nor will it guarantee success. The Stanislavski System is simply a serious of developments, techniques and ideologies that help the actor make use and develop his skills and talents and to gain control of his gift in order to become a better actor. Using the system requires time and understanding that are not so easily summoned up these days. However, who so ever have studied and have been trained in the Stanislavski System know that it is a diligent method that requires a lot of work, but also makes seem more effortless and believable. Stanislavski always told his actors to leave your ego at the stage door as you come in and those who intend to follow the Stanislavski System must know that it is not solely based on the actor himself. The actor must not only develop his own talent, but must also develop a bond with his ensemble and know that a performance can only be put on when there is trust and dependence among the actors. (Stanislavski and the Actor, 149) Thus I will end with a quote from the master himself, In the creative process there is the father, the author of the play; the mother, the actor pregnant with the part; and the child, the role to be born. (Konstantin Stanislavsky quotes) and say that one must commence on the journey that is the creative process in order to realize the true value of Stanislavskis teachings. Bibliography Allen, David. Stanislavski for Beginners. New York City: Writers Readers Publishing, 1999. Benedetti, Jean. Stanislavski and the Actor: The Method of Physical Action. New York: Theatre Arts Book, 1998. Jones, Trevor, and Bradley W. Bishop. Stanislavski. Untitled Document. 22 Feb. 2009 http://www.kryingsky.com/Stan/Biography/bot.html. Konstantin Stanislavsky quotes. Find the famous quotes you need, ThinkExist.com Quotations.. 22 Feb. 2009 http://thinkexist.com/quotation/love_the_art_in_yourself-not_yourself_in_the/166692.html. Method Acting. Moderntimes: Classic Film Pages. 22 Feb. 2009 http://www.moderntimes.com/palace/method.htm. Stanislavsky, Konstantin: Biography from Answers.com. Answers.com Online Dictionary, Encyclopedia and much more. 26 Feb. 2009 http://www.answers.com/topic/konstantin-stanislavski. Sawoski, Perviz. The Stanislavski System Growth and Methodology. Homepage. 22 Feb. 2009 homepage.smc.edu/sawoski_perviz/Stanislavski.pdf. Stanislavski Quotes. Free Website Hosting Tripod free website templates to make your own free website. 22 Feb. 2009 http://members.tripod.com/~Jim_68/stan.htm. Stanislavskis system Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 22 Feb. 2009 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislavskis_system. The Stanislavski System. Teachit. 19 Feb. 2009 www.teachit.co.uk/attachments/stanis.pdf.

The Progressive Era Essay examples -- American Reform Movement

The Progressive Era was a period that exposed the contradictions found in American society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Theodore Roosevelt summed up the Progressive/Reform feeling in his "Square Deal" speech - that it was all about morals, not economics. His goal was the "moral regeneration of the business world." He preached that it was wrong for some people to get ahead in business and politics by tricks and schemes, while others were cheated out of the opportunity. This was the kind of talk that millions of Americans from all areas of society could understand and respond to. Roosevelt simply acted in the interests of the common working man, fixing things that they found unjust. For years, the poor and immigrants were unhappy with treatment from their big-business employers. Their long working hours and exploitation of children were, among other things, exposed by the Muckrakers. The Muckrakers were journalists who exposed corruption in business and politics and made many of their readers angry. These new reformers took over the old Populist idea that the government should work for the public's economic well being.(Mintz, 2015) Reform groups near the turn of the century were interested in the moral changes of the way the government and businesses were run. They wanted the government to be more open and listen to the people. Also, they wanted the government to put more effort into protecting the well being of all citizens. This would require government action to regulate business, improve public health and safety and make sure that every citizen had the chance to succeed and to be happy. Today there are also many reform groups. Just like the progressives of the early twentieth century, modern reformers are trying to change things for the better. One modern reformer is Ralph Nader. Nader is a leader in the consumer-protection movement. He organized investigative teams of young lawyers, consumer specialists, and students, popularly called Nader's Raiders, to conduct surveys of numerous companies, federal agencies, and the U.S. Congress. Nader is a controversial man; his investigations have at times been criticized as biased against big business and government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cesar Chavez was another modern reformer. The issues that he dealt with included: Women Farmworkers, Farmworker Health Issues, and Migrant Labor. Many issues th... ...nion. He held the vice-presidency for less than a year, succeeding to the presidency after the assassination of President McKinley on November 14, 1901. In 1904 Roosevelt was elected to a full term as president. The ideals of the twentieth century were built on the work of reform groups. Reform groups still play a large part in changing the way large corporations and the government are run. Because of the constant need for change and reform, the turn of the twentieth century to the twenty-first could be called a progressive era just like the turn of the nineteenth to the twentieth century was.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Consulted Barbuto, Domencia. American Settlement Houses and Progressive Social Reform. New York: Orynx Press, 2009. Buenker, John. Progressivism. Chicago: Schenkman Books, 2007. Cohen, Miriam. "Women and the Progressive Movement" Gilderlehrman.org Web. 25 April 2015. http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/politics-reform/essays/women-and-progressive-movement Mintz, Steven. "Reform Movements of the Progressive Era" Gilderlehrman.org Web. 25 April 2015. http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/politics-reform/resources/reform-movements-progressive-era

Combatting Environmental Racism

People before Profit: Combatting Environmental Racism After years of protests, court cases, deaths and stereotypes, the civil rights movement finally helped create equality in the United States and the saying in the Declaration of Independence, ‘All men are created Equal’, finally had meaning. But not all communities are created equal. Those communities inhabited by the poor and minorities are more degraded, less powerful and less protected. The government engages in environmental racism against the people living in these communities, putting their health and safety at risk.The profit maximizing mindset of western companies is putting profits before people, endangering lives and communities around the world and should be corrected before more people face the consequences. Environmental racism â€Å"refers to any policy, practice, or directive that differentially affects or disadvantages (whether intentionally or not) individuals, groups, or communities based on race or color†(90). As more and more countries shift to capitalism, humans are becoming increasingly greedy, selfish, and profit-maximizing beings.We are completely disregarding the cost to nature and each other; the only green we care about is the dollar. Individuals in power are taking advantage of minorities and placing toxic waste, landfills and polluting factories on their communities in order for them to save costs. Minorities such as blacks and Latinos are perceived as being weak and passive to government related actions. They are too scared to fight the government in fear that it will put their jobs in jeopardy and increase their economic burden. According to research by Dr.Deborah Robinson, three out of five African Americans in the United States live in communities with uncontrollable toxic waste sites. Also, three of the five largest commercial hazardous waste landfills are located in African American and Latino communities. People need to take notice that environmental rac ism is also a form of racial oppression. It is the same product in different packaging. The people living in these communities suffer â€Å"shorter life spans, higher infant and adult mortality, poor health, poverty, diminished economic opportunities, substandard housing and an overall degraded quality of life. Also, studies have shown that long-term exposure to air pollution or toxic waste can cause lower IQ on children. How can one expect the poor to climb the class ladder and leave these slums if their IQ is being lowered by the environment that they are forced to live in? Corporate greed is to blame for this problem. People must take action to remove these dangerous plants and chemicals from these communities. Just because the poor are helpless does not mean we need to make their situation worst.The people most likely to be exposed to these dangerous chemicals are also the least likely to have medical insurance. There are just over four million uninsured Americans; â€Å"That 4 million is broken down into 33% Hispanics, 21% African Americans and 21% Asian and Pacific Islanders†(92). 75% of people without insurance are minorities. These people are getting sick and cannot afford to pay for their healthcare costs so they are just dying by the masses. Not only are we hurting the very poor with our corporate greed, but we are also hurting nature.Environmental racism also encompasses nature. Toxic material is being dropped into our lakes and our air. A recent study has revealed that 40% of America’s rivers and 46% of America’s lakes are too polluted for fishing, swimming or aquatic life. One American produces over 3,285 pounds of hazardous waste. Our countries are deteriorating, species are becoming extinct; we are destroying our planet and there are simple solutions to correct that can help alleviate these predicaments, but first, corporate greed needs to be exterminated.The corporate mindset needs to change from ‘Profits before peop le’ to ‘People before profits’. It is simple; companies need to move their factories from those areas where people will be affected. No matter if they are black, Hispanic, Asians or whites, people are people, and one life is worth the same. There are millions of acres of desert land hundreds of miles from civilization that can be used to house those factories. Also, companies should start investing in more environmental friendly technologies for their factories in order to decrease pollution and toxic waste.If the entire world lived like the average American, we would need 5 planets to provide enough resources. Yes, investment in green technology is costly, but it is worth it. First of all, because it leads to a cleaner and more sustainable planet. Second, because the communities near the plants would not be at risk and third, because it saves money for the companies. It is a heavy short-term investment that provides long-term results. It is good for the environm ent and for the companies as it saves them money. Take for example Pepsi. Pepsi makes Walkers potato chips in England.Martyn Seal, the director of sustainability watches the clouds of steam rise from his office and all he sees is lost resources and lost money. To solve this, he and his team developed a manufacturing process that â€Å"will allow them to suck water out of potatoes and even unplug the plant from the public water system†. Potatoes are composed of 80% water, so they could use this captured water to clean the equipment, wash the potatoes and even irrigate the plants outside the factory. It is estimated that this method could save them more than $1 dollars a year.Companies need to start following Pepsi’s initiative and help conserve our planet. When companies shift their views to People before Profits, they will finally be morally aware of the damages they are causing to not only nature but also the people living in these communities. The problem of environm ental racism is also due to the transnational power and the extent of the mobility of these global corporations that are exploiting workers. Economic integration has facilitated the movement of goods and services across national borders.Firms are becoming more and more powerful to nations. †Their mobility has made it possible for them to seek the greatest profit, the least government regulations, and the best tax incentives, anywhere in the world. † This is what creates environmental racism, if the proletariats does not accept a low waged job with environmental health risks, the mobility of the firm will allow it to relocate and find labor in another part of the world that has loser government regulations, oppressing those people instead.They are being forced to live under these conditions in order to put food on their family’s table. Another reason why environmental racism is occurring is due to lower environmental standards abroad. Luckily, the United States is passing stricter environmental regulations such as Title IV â€Å"which prohibits discriminatory practices in programs receiving federal funds and†¦a law that set policy goals for the protection, maintenance and enhancement of the environment†(91). These stricter laws have caused a downsizing of US operations and an expansion of operations across national borders.Large polluting firms that can no longer operate in the United States due to strict sanctions are now moving to third world countries where they can operate as these countries are in much need of capital and hence have lower environmental standards. The problem is not being reduced but rather passing on from one country to the next. For example, there are 2,000 maquiladoras in the US-Mexico border operated by American, Japanese and other foreign countries. The â€Å"maquiladoras dump their toxic wastes into the river, from which 95 percent of the region’s residents get their drinking water†(95).The se corporations are making top profits, while poor communities in Mexico are forced to low-wage jobs and environmental health threats. â€Å"There is no ‘right to know’ law in Mexico, so both workers and communities are denied information about the toxins to which they are exposed. † These companies are degrading the environment and also they are keeping the toxic waste stored in Mexico, which should be returned to the US by law. This is just one example of how corporate mobility and lower standards abroad are leading to a higher degree of environmental racism.The profit maximizing mindset of western companies is putting profits before people, endangering lives and communities around the world and should be corrected before more people face the consequences. To combat against environmental degradation and racism one needs to change the governmental policies regarding these issues. Governments need to engage in ‘globalization from below’, â€Å"a glo bal civil society that seeks to extend ideas of moral, legal and environmental accountability to those now acting on behalf of the state, market and media†.Countries with loose environmental laws need to place tougher conditions in place, and although they might lose revenue, they will free their people from environmental slavery. They need to realize that a life is worth more than a dollar bill. The United Nations needs to get involved helping these third world countries that do not have other options but to allow these companies into their countries. Tougher sanctions are desperately needed. â€Å"Grassroots groups are fighting back and winning. They are forming alliances, coalitions, networks and collaborations that stretch across the globe†(95).Environmental justice is needed, barriers need to be taken down and borders crossed. We cannot let our people live under these degrading conditions fearing for their own health and the lives of their children. Works Cited â⠂¬Å"11 Facts about Pollution. † Environmental Racism. N. p. , n. d. Web. 2 Nov. 2011. . â€Å"Air Pollution. † National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). N. p. , n. d. Web. 4 Nov. 2011. . Brecher, Jeremy. Globalization From Below . † Third World Traveler. N. p. , n. d. Web. 4 Nov. 2011. . Deming, Alison Hawthorne, and Lauret E. Savoy. The colors of nature: culture, identity, and the natural world. Rev. ed. Minneapolis, Minn. : Milkweed Editions, 2011. Print. Robinson, Dr Deborah M.. â€Å"Environmental Racism. † The WCC. N. p. , n. d. Web. 4 Nov. 2011. . â€Å"Why sustainability is winning over CEOs. † Vancouver Sun. N. p. , n. d. Web. 3 Nov. 011. . ——————————————– [ 1 ]. â€Å"Air Pollution. † National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). N. p. , n. d. Web. 4 Nov. 2011. . [ 2 ]. â€Å"11 Facts about Pollut ion. † Environmental Racism. N. p. , n. d. Web. 2 Nov. 2011. . [ 3 ]. Ibid. [ 4 ]. â€Å"Why sustainability is winning over CEOs. † Vancouver Sun. N. p. , n. d. Web. 3 Nov. 2011. . [ 5 ]. Robinson, Dr Deborah M.. â€Å"Environmental Racism. † The WCC. N. p. , n. d. Web. 4 Nov. 2011. .

Nutritional Requirements Of Individuals With Dementia Essay

You must provide answers to each question that allow your assessor to properly assess what work duties you are doing or what role you have within your work. It expected that you would need approximately 300 words per question. The more detail you provide the less likely your account will be sent back for more clarification. You must answer each question in your own words and written in the first person meaning â€Å"I do this†. A tip is always to keep in mind the â€Å"who, why, how, where and when† in each answer. Learning Outcome 1-Understand the nutritional needs that are unique to individuals with dementia 1.1 Describe how cognitive, functional and emotional changes associated with dementia can affect eating, drinking and nutrition Symptoms associated with dementia, can have a harmful effect on individuals, if they are not addressed and resolved. In my workplace if the resident’s cognitive ability is impaired they could forget to eat and drink, as well as think that they haven’t been fed, I might also think they had a drink or eaten their food where as they might have tipped their drink down the sink or thrown their food away. If the functional ability changes it could mean that they can’t hold cutlery or hold a drink, therefore they are unable to feed themselves properly. When the emotional state changes they may become stressed and not want to eat or drink and may also forget that they need to eat and drink. For example, Miss K was a big lady who had mixed dementia. She was able to  talk and hear but needed full support at meal times due to her nutritional needs. At meal times she would normally sit at the table but she loved talking to herself most of the time. To divert her attention, as it was already lunchtime, first, I used to greet her in an appropriate manner and explained that it’s already time to eat. She used to look at me and smile. She accepted her meal with happiness and excitement on her face, as she was already hungry. I placed her food and drink in front of her on the table and after a while I left her on her own, I then noticed that she stared at her drink and I could tell that she didn’t actually know what she was doing as she had forgotten what to do with the items in front of her. Read more:  The Nutritional Requirements She used to play with her food and after a few seconds she would usually tip her drink onto the floor and throw her food onto the curtains hanging by the window. In order for her to stop this behaviour I always tried to calm her down in the gentlest way possible. After calming and settling Miss K down I carried out the cleaning and sanitising of the floor as well as the curtains to ensure proper hygiene and cleanliness thus avoiding any potential infections or contaminations. I always made sure that I documented the status of Miss K so that all events were on record for future reference. I also made it a priority to mention any changes of Miss K to the senior member of staff on duty so that they were kept up to date with her condition. After a few reports from the carers she was eventually given one to one care during mealtimes to assist and support her during eating and drinking. 1.2 Explain how poor nutrition can contribute to an individual’s experience of dementia. Poor nutrition can result Miss K becoming more confused and stressed as she is not getting all the nutrients she needs, and because of her becoming more confused which may result her in forgetting to eat and drink more then she became more distressed which made her more ill. Good nutrition helps the way all human beings look, feel and think and if someone with dementia that doesn’t get enough nutrition, it will certainly show by them losing weight and not feeling very well. Due to Miss K’s lack of interest in eating and drinking her mobility was affected. She became unsteady on her feet, which made her use the wheelchair from time to time. I always tried to give her motivation and encouragement to drink and eat as well as other staff members. It also important for me and other staff members to maintain good nutrition to prevent ill health whilst at workplace. I made sure that I am physically fit, had ate and drink well before going to work because sometimes if carers are unwell and have not eat or drink the level of patience and passion to care for the service users were affected which could make them becoming more agitated and distressed. 1.3 Outline how other health and emotional conditions may affect the nutritional needs of an individual with dementia An example of how other health and emotional conditions could affect the nutritional needs of an individual with dementia is depression, as this could lead to a loss of appetite and also a lack of interest in food and drinks. For example, Mrs B has been depressed for quite sometime due to the death of her husband. She would prefer to be on her own most of the time. As a result of her lack of socialisation she became socially isolated. This affected her nutritional needs, as she didn’t feel like eating. It took a long time until she agreed to go to the dining room at meal times. Once dinner was served she would lose interest in eating and tended to return to the lounge without touching the meal. I consistently done my best to try and encourage her to eat. I offered her the choice of what she wanted to eat in the hope that she would choose something she desired rather than not eating at all. I noticed that she became frustrated and anxious when questioned several times. When this became apparent to me I would leave her in the lounge and I would ask other staff members to try and talk to her to see if they could help. I updated her records so that other staff members could see that she hadn’t eaten. I also had to report the matter to the manager so that they were kept in the picture too. 1.4 Explain the importance of recognising and meeting an individual’s personal and cultural preferences for food and drink It is important to recognise an individual’s personal and cultural preferences to food and drink as this can make people feel like they are respected and included. This will encourage individual to eat and drink, but also it will increase their emotional and physical well-being. Asking people with dementia about  their mealtime preferences, when and where they like to eat and what foods they enjoy is vital to ensure all staff provide food and options at mealtimes that are familiar to them. People may have different views about foods depending on their cultural background. Providing range of familiar foods can help make individual feel at home, safe and welcomed. An example, Mrs E, a Spanish lady who has no dementia, is self-centred and has her own eating and drinking preferences from time to time. It is very important for me to identify what Mrs E likes to eat and drink and what she doesn’t like because she tends to shout at carers if these are unmet. If I don’t recognise these I am not meeting her preferences and that will cause her to not eat and drink instead of realising that it is something she doesn’t like. This will then make her feel unhappy, anxious and stressed. If all members of staff know what she likes the management always assure that there is always something available. Due to her nationality it is also important to identify her cultural needs e.g. religion, various times of the year where she may not eat or will only eat certain foods. Every time I am unsure and have questions regarding her diet I always double check with her care plan or I ask one of the members of staff who are more aware of her dietary needs. 1.5 Explain why it is important to include a variety of food and drink in the diet of an individual with dementia It is very important to include a variety of food and drink in the diet of residents with dementia, as they may forget what they didn’t like before and suddenly start eating it. For example, Mr M has suffered from a bowel cancer and other health problems. He was under the palliative care due to his severe condition. He was unable to chew and swallow normal food but still able to drink properly. After few weeks of not eating well Mr M had lose weight. He was checked by his GP and prescribed an Ensure drink for him, which contains the right amount of nutrients that will serve as alternative to his food. I also made sure to ask Mr M if he had any preferences of food and drink e.g. any flavour of drink or soup. He then told me that he likes chocolate flavour drinks. I then informed the senior regarding his wishes, this was immediately passed on to his GP and products were dispatched after a day. It is important that  there is always a variety for Mr M and other residents to make sure that they are always eating something and getting the right nutrients in their bodies. After giving Mr M his drink and food I then recorded it in his observation sheet so that other members of staff would be aware how much fluid intake he had and to continue to monitor Mr M’s condition. Learning Outcome 2-Understand the effect that mealtime environments can have on an individual with dementia 2.1 Describe how mealtime cultures and environments can be a barrier to meeting the nutritional needs of an individual with dementia Mealtime cultures such as meal sizes, number of courses, specific meal times, order of food etc., may not be conducive to the needs of an individual with dementia. In my workplace, cultures can be a barrier because some of the residents may not know how to eat the food that is in front of them and in the correct order. Please see example 1.1. There are some residents who don’t want to eat with other residents at the same time as everyone else in a noisy, busier environment such as communal dining rooms. Communal areas can be a distraction for an individual with dementia as they can become overwhelmed. For example, a resident who requires assistance to eat, I always make sure to ask him if he would prefer to stay in the main dining room or in a separate, more private room where he feel he won’t be watched. I always ensure that the environment for residents is calm and relaxed in order for them to be able to concentrate on the food they eat. This could avoid them becoming agitated, anxious and stressed due to distraction of other residents. Also, all staff was trained to the right standard to deal with mealtimes so that they run as smoothly as possible to avoid conflicts. 2.2 Describe how mealtime environments and food presentation can be designed to help an individual to eat and drink In my workplace, when I was assigned the kitchen duty I made sure I washed my hands thoroughly before and after entering the kitchen and before and after handling food. Before mealtimes it was my responsibility to ensure that all dining areas were neat and clean, cutlery was set on the table and that a variety of drinks were prepared and ready for the resident’s. I also checked the floor to look for any spillages on the carpet to avoid cross contamination and tripping hazards. Furthermore  it was my responsibility to distribute all the trays to the residents that remained in their bedrooms as well as the food trolley for the residents in the lounges. I made sure that the food was served in a relaxed and unhurried manner. I checked with my colleagues to make sure that all residents were ready for their meals, allowing them to feel calm and relaxed in order to focus on their meals. The presentation of each dinner table and the presentation of the food itself were important too. Prints on plates and tablecloths can be very confusing for residents with dementia, especially if they have visual perception difficulties. Foods had to be easily identifiable; plain cream plates were used and were useful in helping to show up colourful foods. The presentation of the food itself had considered colour, texture, smell, and overall appeal. No one wants to eat a plate of unappealing food, and residents with dementia respond well to sensory stimulation. 2.3 Describe how a person centred approach can support an individual, with dementia at different levels of ability, to eat and drink There should always be a person centred approach to food and nutrition to all individuals receiving care, as well as those with dementia. In my workplace, there are various courses provided to all members of staff regarding person centred approach, food hygiene and communication to make sure that they are knowledgeable and skilled enough to support individual’s nutritional needs. Ensuring that mealtimes are sufficiently staffed to provide assistance to those who need it is also greatly important when providing a person centred approach. For example, Mrs R had undergone a nutritional screening prior admitting in the home that was carried out by the line manager. This involved records of her dietary needs and preferences and any assistance she needs at mealtimes to ensure that members of staff act on this. Based on her care plan Mrs R had a normal diet, could eat and drink well but needed encouragement from time to time due to her condition. When assisting Mrs R I always ensure to respect her rights and dignity through providing assistance discreetly e.g. giving her serviettes to protect clothing, provide adapted crockery and  cutlery to enable her feed herself where appropriate. Making sure that food looks appetising and keeping foods separate to enhance the quality of the eating experience is also important. Whilst socialising during mealtimes should be encouraged, I also offer privacy to those who have difficulties with eating, if they wish, to avoid embarrassment or loss of dignity. I made sure that I give Mrs R and other residents time to eat because they should not be rushed. I made sure to not to make assumptions about their preferences on the basis of their cultural background- I ensure to ask them what their preferences are. My communication skills were also important when supporting Mrs R and others because some of them were unable to understand properly due to their dementia. I always made sure to approach and interact them in a nicest and in a properly manner. Visual aids, such as pictorial menus, and non-verbal communication were also used to help to make choices. I also ensure to record food and fluid intake of those resident’s who were monitored due to poor nutrition. As needs and abilities change, these requirements will require review, to make sure that nutritional needs are consistently met. Also knowing Mrs R, and how, where, what times, and by which method she can best consume food and drink will help to support her and her needs. Learning Outcome 3-Be able to support an individual with dementia to enjoy good nutrition 3.1 Explain how the knowledge of life history of an individual with dementia has been used to provide a diet that meets his/her preferences I was off at work when Mr O was first admitted in the home. I had no idea about his personal life, health condition, nutritional needs and preferences. When I came back to work I made sure to check his care plan and daily report form to gain knowledge about his life history before dealing with his personal needs. Having knowledge of his life history has helped me and other staff members provide a diet that meets his preferences. This helped me to find out what he likes to eat, what are his favourite foods, what he don’t like to eat and if he has any allergies to foods. By reviewing the care plan I found out that Mr O was diabetic, liked blackcurrant juice and black coffee but needed a carer to remind him to eat and drink during meal times as he  used to forget them and only sleeps if not encouraged and supervised. By using his preferences shows that I am sticking onto his care plan, wishes and desires when meeting his needs. Recording any changes on his preferences was also recorded in his daily report form and I also handed in information to the senior in charged so that other staff would be aware. 3.2 Explain how meal times for an individual with dementia are planned to support his/her ability to eat and drink In my workplace, meal times are planned according to the individual’s condition and choices, some residents will sit at the table and eat with others and some will not eat at all if they are in the company of others- these are residents who preferred to stay in their bedrooms. My colleagues and I always ensure that residents are in the most comfortable place they want to eat and drink, and that they are happy with it. In between mealtimes my colleagues and I offered them snacks with various drinks and food e.g. tea, coffee, hot chocolate, Horlicks, Ovaltine etc., biscuits and cakes whilst staying in the living room or their bedroom. There are also residents who are unable to feed themselves. I always make sure that I assist them with feeding and drinking and also be planned to make sure that they are comfortable and to know what they are going to be eating or drinking in case there is something that they do not want. Any changes on residents nutritional preferences I always checked it with my manager or other staff before giving them other choices because they may have a special diet or allergic to something. 3.3 Explain how the specific eating and drinking abilities and needs of an individual with dementia have been addressed Getting to know the specific needs and the eating and drinking abilities of an individual should be addressed when helping the individual to make a choice in what they want to eat and drink. Also knowing the individuals abilities should also be in their care plan. I always ensure to check each individual’s care plan before providing them food or drink especially when he/she is first admitted in the residential home. I also double check their dietary needs with my manager or senior care staff to avoid errors that may affect resident’s behaviour and health. In my workplace, most of the resident’s changed their mind from time to time although there was a specific preference listed in their care plan. This will depend on their situation because some residents were unable to decide for themselves and were able to. I always made sure to consult them as they may forget of what they want or they may get fed up of sticking to one drink or food all the time. For example, based on Mr O’s care plan he likes orange juice but when I offered him the drink he refused to accept it. He asked me if he could have a blackcurrant juice instead. I respected his choice and gave him the blackcurrant juice. I also passed my experience to the other staff members for them to become aware of his new preference but he might also change his mind in other time. It was also important to observe and monitor a resident before taking an action to address them in eating and drinking. Another example, Mrs C had a normal food and drink diet, as her dementia progresses, she has developed a difficulty in swallowing and drinking. When I saw her suffered I immediately called the attention of my Senior to check and observe Mrs C’s condition. She then called the GP to further assess her and also speech language therapist was involved. After few assessments Mrs C was then changed onto liquidised meal and 1 scoop of thickener in every 200mls drink. Her care plan was reviewed and this information was also documented in her daily report so that other members of staff will be informed regarding her nutritional changes. 3.4 Explain how a person centred approach to meeting nutritional requirements has improved the well-being of an individual with dementia The person centred approach to meeting nutritional requirements has improved the well-being of an individual by improving their state of mind and their physical health. Based on 1.1 examples, by giving Miss K a one to one assistance during mealtimes she was able to eat and drink properly. Her ability to stand and walk was developed and I have noticed that she was calmer, polite and gentle when responding to carers. She also took her medication without any refusal or problem. The care and support my colleagues and I have given to Miss K has improved her sleep patterns, reduced confusion and anxieties as well as infections making her live a happier and healthier lifestyle. I always ensure to record any changes and important information regarding her physical and emotional condition to help  further assessment and also this will serve as an evidence practice for future observation and findings.